Table 2. Common genes in late onset Alzheimer’s disease.
| Genes | Function of protein* | Pathway of disease | Cause | Chromosomal location† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| APOE | Redistribution of lipids | Cholesterol metabolism | SNP | 19q13.2 |
| CR1 | Receptor of complement C3b protein that binds Aβ, mediates innate immunity | Immune response | SNP | 1q32.2 |
| CLU | Apoptosis and clearance of cellular debris, lipid transport and inflammation | Cholesterol, immune metabolism | SNP | 8p21.1 |
| ABCA7 | Transportation of phospholipids and phagocytosis | Cholesterol metabolism | SNP/haplodeficiency | 19p13.3 |
| PICALM | Synaptic neurotransmitter release and intracellular trafficking | Endocytosis | SNP | 11q14.2 |
| TREM2 | Inflammatory response | Loss of function (missense) mutation | 6p21.1 | |
| SORL1 | Vessel trafficking and cargo sorting | Endocytosis | SNP/nonsense and missense mutation; somatic mutations | 11q24.1 |
| ADAM10 | Mediates integral membrane protein cleavage | AβPP Metabolism | Mutations | 15q21.3 |
| BIN1 | Endocytosis, inflammation, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis | Tau Pathology | Mutations | 2q14.3 |
Abbreviations: APOE: apolipoprotein E; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism.