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. 2023 Jul 27;12(15):2864. doi: 10.3390/foods12152864

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Effect of ZW-FM on sleep latency (A) and total sleep duration time (B) in caffeine-induced insomnia model at the indicated concentrations. Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (n = 7). Different letters (a–d) indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 using Tukey’s test. NOR, normal group; CON: caffeine (40 mg/kg) control group; BDZ, benzodiazepine (0.2 mg/kg)-treated group; ZW-FM, fermented product of ZW-EH-treated groups; ZW-EH: enzymatic hydrolysate of jujube seed water extract (ZW).