Figure 6.
Effect of ZW-FM on sleep latency (A) and total sleep duration time (B) in caffeine-induced insomnia model at the indicated concentrations. Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean (n = 7). Different letters (a–d) indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 using Tukey’s test. NOR, normal group; CON: caffeine (40 mg/kg) control group; BDZ, benzodiazepine (0.2 mg/kg)-treated group; ZW-FM, fermented product of ZW-EH-treated groups; ZW-EH: enzymatic hydrolysate of jujube seed water extract (ZW).