Skip to main content
. 2023 Aug 6;15(15):3993. doi: 10.3390/cancers15153993

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A) The molecular spectrum of biliary tract cancer, adapted from Nakamura et al. [18]. Italics indicate genes associated with a target drug. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma includes peri-hilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma. (B) The main therapeutic agents and their targeted pathways in biliary tract cancer, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Red, immune checkpoints; blue, genetic alterations; arrows, pathway activation; blocked lines, pathway inhibition. Boxes indicate genes; circles indicate mitochondria, ribosomes, or proteins. Abbreviations: AKT (PKB), protein kinase B; APOBEC, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B; ARID, AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein; BAP1, BRCA1 associated protein; BRAF, B-serine/threonine kinase; BRCA, breast cancer susceptibility gene; CC, cholangiocarcinoma; CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase; CpG, cytosine-phosphodiester bond-guanine; DAG, diacylglycerol; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ELF, E74-like factor; EPHA, erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A; ERBB, erythroblastic oncogene B; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptors; GNAS, guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating; IDH, isocitrate dehydrogenase; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase; MLL2 (KMT2D), lysine methyltransferase 2D; MLL3, mixed-lineage leukemia 3; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; MYC, myelocytomatosis oncogene; NFκB, nuclear factor-kappa B; NTRK, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase; P, phosphorylated; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha; PKC, protein kinase C; PLC, phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C; PRKAC, protein kinase A catalytic subunit alpha; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; RAS (KRAS), Kirsten rat sarcoma; SKI, Sloan Kettering Institute; SMAD, smooth muscle actin plus mothers against decapentaplegic; TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; TET, ten eleven translocation; TP53 (21), tumor protein p53 (21).