Table 3.

Ocular manifestations of scleroderma

Ocular Structure	Common Ocular Manifestations
Eyelids	Periorbital edema and fibrosis leading to blepharophimosis, lid telangiectasia, lid induration, cicatricial ectropion, MGD
Cornea and conjunctiva	KCS, subepithelial fibrosis, and progressive forniceal shortening are most common. Congestion and telangiectasia, exposure keratopathy (secondary to lid changes), decreased corneal sensation, keratoconus
Sclera	Scleral ischemia, scleral pit
Uvea	Iritis, iris sector atrophy and heterochromia, iris sphincter dysfunction, choroidal hypoperfusion, and ischemic choroidopathy
Retina	Cotton wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, hard exudates, retinal vascular occlusions, macular ischemia, parafoveal telangiectasia
Neuro-ophthalmic	Optic disk neovascularization, perineuritis
Orbit	Acquired Brown syndrome, painful retrobulbar fibrosis, ocular myopathy (superior rectus commonly)

KCS=keratoconjunctivitis sicca, MGD=meibomian gland dysfunction