Table 5.

Ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis

Ocular Structure	Common Ocular Manifestations
Cornea and conjunctiva	KCS (most common), filamentary keratitis, peripheral ulcerative keratitis (contact lens cornea), sterile central ulceration/keratolysis, sclerosing keratitis, secondary microbial keratitis
Sclera	Episcleritis, scleritis (diffuse/nodular/scleromalacia perforans/necrotizing with inflammation)
Others	Subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules on eyelid (especially at the outer canthus of upper lids), venous stasis retinopathy, orbital apex syndrome (due to orbital nodules), cranial nerve palsies, geniculocortical blindness, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, Brown syndrome (inflammation of trochlea)

KCS=keratoconjunctivitis sicca