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. 2023 Jul 25;20(15):6443. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20156443

Table 2.

Frequency of diagnosis and comorbidities.

NPC (n = 39) Oncology (n = 31)
Malignancy (NPC) Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage

  • Breast

 10 25.6 2 6.5

  • Cervix

 6 15.4 - -

  • Colorectal

 5 12.8 5 16.1

  • Lung

 5 12.8 5 16.1

  • Ovary

 2 5.1 2 6.5

  • Others

 11 28.2 17 54.8
Stages of malignancy:

  • Stage 1

 6 15.4 10 32.3

  • Stage 2

 12 30.8 11 35.5

  • Stage 3

 15 38.5 6 19.4

  • Stage 4

 6 15.4 4 12.9
Metastasis: 13 33.3 8 25.8

  • Lung

 1 2.6 - -

  • Lymph node

 4 10.3 3 9.7

  • Liver

 2 5.1 1 3.2

  • Bone

 3 7.7 - -

  • Disseminated

 - - 2 6.5

  • Others

 3 7.7 2 6.4
Patient knows diagnosis:

  • No

 3 7.7 2 6.5

  • Yes

 36 92.3 29 93.5
If yes, revealed by

  • Doctor

 34 94.4 28 96.6

  • Family members

 1 2.8 1 3.4

  • Guess

 1 2.8 0 0.0
Patient knows prognosis:

  • No

 19 48.7 22 71.0

  • Yes

 20 51.3 9 29.0
Comorbidities: (multiple responses)

  • None

 17 43.6 26 83.9

  • Hypertension

 9 23.1 2 6.4

  • Diabetes mellitus

 7 17.9 2 6.4

  • Bronchial asthma

 5 12.8 - -

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

 5 12.8 - -

  • Others

 7 17.9 1 3.2