Extended Data Table 1 |.

Demographics table at admission (unless specified otherwise).

Variable	Category	All (N=43)	No Dexamethasone (N=16)	Dexamethasone (N=27)	No Dex vs. Dex
Age	(years)	58.0 (45.5–68.5)	50.5 (40.5–64.2)	62.0 (53.0–70.5)	NS
Sex at birth	Male	30 (69.8%)	11 (68.8%)	19 (70.4%)	NS
BMI		33 (30.3–37.5)	32.7 (28.7–37)	33.5 (30.3–38.2)	NS
	Asian	2 (4.7%)	2 (12.5)	0 (0.0)
	Black / African American	2 (4.7%)	0 (0.0%)	2 (7.4%)
Race	Native Hawaiian / Other Pacific Islander	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	NS
	Other / Multiple Races	31 (72.1%)	12 (75.0%)	19 (70.4%)
	White	8 (18.6%)	2 (12.5%)	6 (22.2%)
Ethnicity	Hispanic / Latino	27 (62.8%)	10 (62.5%)	17 (63.0%)	NS
Mean arterial pressure	(mmHg)	97.3 (84.7–105.5)	95.0 (81.8–100.7)	98.0 (85.7–106.2)	NS
Diastolic blood pressure	(mmHg)	77.0 (69.0–84.0)	79.0 (65.2–86.8)	76.0 (70.5–82.0)	NS
Systolic blood pressure	(mmHg)	134.0 (116.0–145.5)	119.0 (106.0–136.5)	140.0 (122.5–150.0)	P=.03
FiO2		0.2 (0.2–0.5)	0.2 (0.2–0.4)	0.2 (0.2–0.6)	NS
P/F ratio at Day 0		97 (68–150)	97 (71–155)	95 (68–147)	NS
Oxygen saturation	(%)	90 (85–96)	93 (88–96)	90 (84–95)	NS
Heart rate	(beats per minute)	108 (87–123)	112 (85–125)	105 (91–121)	NS
Respiratory rate	(breaths per minute)	25 (22–30)	25 (24–32)	26 (21–30)	NS
Temperature	(Celsius)	36.8 (36.7–37.5)	36.8 (36.7–37.2)	36.8 (36.7–37.6)	NS
Neutrophil/WBC		0.85 (0.79–0.90)	0.85 (0.83–0.90)	0.85 (0.77–0.91)	NS
N antigen	(pg/mL)	481.2 (5.3–4510.8)	24.5 (2.1–2162.5)	958.7 (335.5–4887.5)	P=.04
Time between first Dex and D0 sample	(days)	/	/	2 (1–2.5)	/
Remdesivir	Yes	32 (74%)	5 (31%)	27 (100%)	P<.001
	In-hospital death	10 (23.3%)	2 (12.5%)	8 (29.6%)
Discharge status	Activity limitations and/or O2 requirements	23 (53.5%)	10 (62.5%)	13 (48.1%)	NS
	No limitations and no O2 requirements	10 (23.3%)	4 (25.0%)	6 (22.2%)
Ventilator-free days		7.0 (2.0–18.5)	12.0 (0.0–18.2)	5.0 (2.5–18.0)	NS
Alive	Yes	32 (74.4%)	14 (87.5%)	18 (66.7%)	NS