Table 2.
The quality of included cross-sectional studies as per the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.
| Author (YOP) | Selection | Comparability | Outcomes | Overall Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferraro (2020) [11] | 4 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Rajan (2018) [36] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Alqahtani (2019) [8] | 4 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Takayesu (2014) [5] | 3 | 0 | 2 | Poor |
| Mourkazel (2019) [32] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Soltanifar (2018) [39] | 2 | 2 | 2 | Fair |
| Lin (2019) [12] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Hamdan (2017) [26] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Williams (2020) [40] | 3 | 0 | 2 | Poor |
| Durand (2019) [10] | 2 | 2 | 2 | Fair |
| Schooley (2016) [37] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Lu (2015) [31] | 2 | 2 | 2 | Fair |
| Dam (2019) [23] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Hutchison (2014) [27] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Jalili (2013) [28] | 4 | 0 | 2 | Poor |
| Lloyd (1994) [30] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Kuhn (2009) [29] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Patterson (2020) [33] | 4 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Popa (2010) [35] | 2 | 0 | 2 | Poor |
| Erdur (2015) [24] | 4 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Bergemueler (2016) [20] | 3 | 0 | 2 | Poor |
| Escribà-Agüir (2007) [25] | 2 | 0 | 2 | Poor |
| Petrino (2022) [34] | 4 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Mercuri (2022) [13] | 3 | 0 | 2 | Poor |
| Chang (2021) [9] | 4 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Bhanja (2021) [21] | 2 | 2 | 2 | Fair |
| Shopen (2022) [38] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
| Chor (2021) [22] | 2 | 2 | 2 | Fair |
| Ben-Itzhak (2015) [19] | 3 | 2 | 2 | Good |
YOP: year of publication. The selection domain was given an overall score of 4, and the comparability and outcomes domains were given overall scores of 2 and 3, respectively.