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. 2023 Jul 31;24(15):12248. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512248

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Effects of LPS on the TRP-KYN metabolites. (A) TRP levels, (B) KYN levels, (C) QA levels, (D) KYNA levels, (E) KYN/TRP ratio, and (F) KYNA/QA ratio in the serum by surgical types and LPS administrations at the baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h post-LPS (n = 6). * indicates p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001 versus BCCAL + saline, # indicates p < 0.05, ## p < 0.001 versus BCCAL + LPS, & indicates p < 0.05, and && indicates p < 0.001 versus value within the same group at the baseline. Values are expressed in mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Abbreviations: KYN: kynurenine; TRP: tryptophan; KYNA: kynurenic acid; QA: quinolinic acid, BCCAL: bilateral common carotid artery ligation; LPS: lipopolysaccharide.