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. 2023 Jul 31;24(15):12248. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512248

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The levels of IDO enzyme in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex by surgical types and LPS administrations (n = 6). (A) IDO levels in the hippocampus, (B) IDO levels in the cerebral cortex. * indicates p < 0.05 versus BCCAL + saline and ^# indicates p < 0.05 versus BCCAL + LPS. Values are expressed in mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Abbreviations: IDO: indoleamine 2,3-deoxygenase; HP: hippocampus; CC: cerebral cortex; BCCAL: bilateral common carotid artery ligation; LPS: lipopolysaccharide.