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. 2023 Jul 31;24(15):12248. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512248

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A model describing the role of IDO/KP in the development of delirium during CCH. CCH is associated with increased baseline inflammation with dysregulation of TRP-KP activity and the activation of IDO. Heightened IDO levels during CCH play a crucial role in the development of LPS-induced delirium via immunosuppressive activities and endotoxin tolerance. Arrow () indicates the development of delirium-like behaviour under LPS treatment in the CCH rats. Abbreviations: IDO: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; TRP: tryptophan; KYN: kynurenine; CCH: chronic cerebral hypoperfusion; GCN2: general control nonderepressible 2; eIF-2α: alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2; AhR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; QA: quinolinic acid; KYNA: kynurenic acid.

Inline graphic — A model describing the role of IDO/KP in the development of delirium during CCH. CCH is associated with increased baseline inflammation with dysregulation of TRP-KP activity and the activation of IDO. Heightened IDO levels during CCH play a crucial role in the development of LPS-induced delirium via immunosuppressive activities and endotoxin tolerance. Arrow () indicates the development of delirium-like behaviour under LPS treatment in the CCH rats. Abbreviations: IDO: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; TRP: tryptophan; KYN: kynurenine; CCH: chronic cerebral hypoperfusion; GCN2: general control nonderepressible 2; eIF-2α: alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor-2; AhR: aryl hydrocarbon receptor; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; QA: quinolinic acid; KYNA: kynurenic acid.