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. 2023 Jul 26;24(15):12001. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512001

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Preparation of W-doped nanocomposites; (b,c) time-dependent ¹O₂ (b) and •OH (c) generation of nanocomposites; (d,e) Rate constant of ¹O₂ (d) and •OH (e) generation in the presence of TiO₂ or W−TiO₂ nanorods; (f) Nanocomposites and TiO₂ nanorods energy-band diagrams; (g) a schematic illustration of enhanced ROS generation using W−TiO₂ nanorods to deplete GSH and form combination therapy; (h) photographs of mice treated with CDT-enhanced SDT and their tumors [60]. The lines in (b) mean the ultrasound irradiation time (from top to bottom: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 min), and for (d), the lines mean the ultrasound irradiation time (from top to bottom: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 min).