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The cytokine TNF-α is a superordinate and crucial node within the hierarchical structure of cytokine networks underlying various chronic inflammatory diseases. Abbreviations: axSpA, axial spondyloarthritis; CD, Crohn’s disease; IL, interleukin; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; PsO, psoriasis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; UC, ulcerative colitis.
