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. 2023 Jul 26;12(15):4898. doi: 10.3390/jcm12154898

Table 8.

Mean QOLIBRI-KID/ADO scores for groups of participants stratified by sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.

QOLIBRI-KID/ADO
Group M SD t df p d
Children 76.85 10.71 3.34 291.16 <0.001 * 0.39
Adolescents 72.55 11.46
Female 72.83 11.85 2.52 234.98 0.006 * 0.31
Male 76.21 10.52
TBI within the last four years 72.76 11.70 3.03 288.18 0.003 * 0.35
TBI more than four years ago 76.69 10.57
Low Functional Recovery 1 86.65 1.64 2.39 37.18 0.012 * 0.45
Full Functional Recovery 1 73.87 11.51
Physical, Sensory, and Cognitive problems 2 70.58 11.67 4.04 151.84 <0.001 * 0.54
No Physical, Sensory, and Cognitive problems 2 76.48 10.65
Mild to Severe Anxiety3 69.93 11.34 4.26 152.79 <0.001 * 0.56
No Anxiety 3 75.21 11.03
Mild to Severe Depression 4 68.83 11.22 5.35 211.40 <0.001 * 0.66
No Depression 4 76.03 10.76
Post-Concussion Symptoms 5 59.85 10.10 9.40 42.64 <0.001 * 1.80
No Post-Concussion Symptoms 5 77.22 9.55
Low Learning Rate 6 75.01 11.77 0.65 296.26 0.516 0.07
Higher Learning Rate 6 74.16 10.68

Note. M = mean, SD = standard deviation, df = degrees of freedom, t = t-value, p = p-value (* = p < 0.05), d = Cohen’s d. 1 KOSCHI (low = 3a/b, 4a/b, high = 5a/5b; 2 based on parent-report; 3 GAD-7 (mild to severe ≥ 5, no < 5); 4 PHQ-9 (mild to severe ≥ 5, no < 5); 5 PCSI-SR8/-SR13 (symptoms = impaired: M + 1SD, not impaired = M and M − 1SD); 6 RAVLT (low learning rate = M − 1SD, not impaired: M and M + 1SD).