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. 2023 Jul 26;12(15):4898. doi: 10.3390/jcm12154898

Table A10.

Mean time in years since TBI of participants with and without neuropsychiatric symptoms and statistical significance (t-test) of differences between groups.

Symptoms Symptoms Present Symptoms Absent t-Test Parameters
M (SD) n M (SD) n t df p d
Cognitive Problems after TBI 4.21 (2.69) 77 4.79 (2.89) 218 1.60 142.54 0.112 0.21
Mild to Severe Anxiety 4.21 (2.65) 85 4.86 (2.90) 208 1.85 167.03 0.066 0.23
Mild to Severe Depression 4.22 (2.83) 106 4.93 (2.83) 187 2.06 215.38 0.040 * 0.25
Post-concussion Symptoms 3.76 (2.59) 34 4.90 (2.82) 223 2.35 44.02 0.023 * 0.41

Note. Post-concussion symptoms refer to a PCSI score that is one SD above the respective age average (see “Instrument” section). M = mean time since TBI in years, SD = standard deviation, df = degrees of freedom, t = t-value, p = p-value (* = p < 0.05), d = Cohen’s d.