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. 2023 Aug 5;24(15):12477. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512477

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Bioenergetics in platelet mitochondria at the beginning of the study. (A) Parameters of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in platelets of patients with NAFLD and the healthy volunteers expressed as flux control ratio. (B) Parameters of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production in platelets of the hydrogen (H2) and placebo (P) groups of patients with NAFLD at the beginning of the study expressed as O2 flow (pmol/s/106 cells). The bars show mean ± standard error of mean (sem). The evaluated respiratory capacities are marked according to the titration steps in the substrate–uncoupler–inhibitor titration (SUIT) reference protocol 1 [27] and correspond to following respiratory states: ce—routine respiration of intact cells; Dig—residual oxygen consumption (ROX) after permeabilization with digitonin; 1PM—LEAK respiration with CI-linked substrates pyruvate and malate; 2D—CI-linked OXPHOS capacity (associated with ATP production); 2D; c—CI-linked OXPHOS capacity after addition of cytochrome c as a test for integrity of outer mitochondrial membrane; 3U—CI-linked electron transfer (ET) capacity with pyruvate and malate; 4G—CI-linked ET capacity with pyruvate, malate, and glutamate; 5S—CI&II-linked ET capacity; 6Rot—CII-linked ET capacity; 7Ama—ROX after inhibition of mitochondrial CIII. CI—respiration related to mitochondrial CI activity; CI&II—respiration related to mitochondrial CI and CII activity; CII—respiration related to mitochondrial CII activity. LEAK—non-phosphorylating state of respiration; OXPHOS—the capacity of oxidative phosphorylation; ET—the capacity of electron transfer. * p < 0.05 vs. the control group.