Table 1.
General characteristics of the study population.
| CG (n = 11) | REG (n = 11) | CEG (n = 11) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 28.0 (18–45) | 22.5 (18–36) | 20.5 (18–36) | 0.166 |
| Sex (M:F) | 5:6 | 4:7 | 2:9 | 0.327 |
| Weight (kg) | 72.5 ± 18.53 | 75.29 ± 17.70 | 76.40 ± 26.22 | 0.904 |
| Height (m) | 1.65 ± 0.11 | 1.67 ± 0.09 | 1.67 ± 0.10 | 0.913 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.28 ± 5.58 | 26.76 ± 6.03 | 26.91 ± 7.78 | 0.972 |
| MAC (cm) | 31.98 ± 4.96 | 30.65 ± 4.57 | 31.15 ± 6.02 | 0.831 |
| Waist circum. (cm) | 85.37 ± 23.53 | 89.43 ± 13.41 | 92.88 ± 13.41 | 0.643 |
| Abd. circum. (cm) | 95.60 ± 13.71 | 94.07 ± 15.57 | 95.95 ± 19.91 | 0.958 |
| Hip circum. (cm) | 100.24 ± 11.03 | 99.26 ± 11.38 | 97.92 ± 14.87 | 0.906 |
| Calf circum. (cm) | 33.91 ± 2.54 | 35.35 ± 4.22 | 34.77 ± 5.70 | 0.738 |
| FFM (kg) | 54.45 ± 10.85 | 60.78 ± 13.32 | 60.03 ± 19.07 | 0.551 |
| PFFM (%) | 77.47 ± 16.24 | 81.99 ± 12.47 | 80.08 ± 15.21 | 0.763 |
| BFM (kg) | 17.67 ± 13.85 | 14.92 ± 11.64 | 16.36 ± 12.56 | 0.873 |
| PBFM (%) | 22.52 ± 16.24 | 18.00 ± 12.47 | 19.91 ± 15.21 | 0.763 |
| SMM (kg) | 26.26 ± 6.64 | 29.31 ± 7.13 | 29.07 ± 10.24 | 0.621 |
| PSMM (%) | 37.49 ± 9.79 | 39.16 ± 5.97 | 39.46 ± 7.64 | 0.817 |
| Phase angle (°) | 6.12 ± 0.97 | 6.43 ± 0.77 | 6.34 ± 0.75 | 0.542 |
| Visceral fat (L) | 1.88 ± 1.64 | 1.66 ± 1.52 | 2.59 ± 2.31 | 0.457 |
| Sit-up test (reps) | 13.90 ± 6.80 | 12.91 ± 3.98 | 14.04 ± 4.66 | 0.843 |
| Sit to stand (reps) | 14.36 ± 2.29 | 15.75 ± 7.61 | 16.16 ± 6.63 | 0.761 |
| Grip strength test (kgf) | 25.18 ± 9.37 | 26.27 ± 9.28 | 29.84 ± 6.57 | 0.392 |
| “Get up and go” test (sec) | 9.30 ± 2.64 | 8.03 ± 1.69 | 8.13 ± 3.67 | 0.495 |
| 6 min walk test (m) | 365.09 ± 86.40 | 443.66 ± 113.16 | 394.41 ± 100.42 | 0.184 |
M: male; F: female; BMI: body mass index; MAC: mid-arm circumference; Circum.: circumference; Abd: abdominal; FFM: fat-free mass; PFFM: percentage of fat-free mass; BFM: body fat mass; PBMF: percentage of body fat mass; SMM: skeletal muscle mass; PSMM: percentage of skeletal muscle mass. We used an ANOVA test for quantitative variables and a chi-squared test for qualitative variables. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as a statistical significance parameter.