Table 2.
Global distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, CRFs, and URFs among key populations, 1990–2015.
| HIV-1 subtypes | CRFs | URFs | Total CRFs* | Total recombinants† | Total‡ | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | F | G | H | J | K | CRF01_AE | CRF02_AG | Other | |||||
| Global (1990–2015) | ||||||||||||||||
| HET | 8,340 (18.6%) | 5,889 (13.1%) | 11,408 (25.4%) | 3,222 (7.2%) | 580 (1.3%) | 1,729 (3.8%) | 182 (0.4%) | 64 (0.1%) | 22 (0.0%) | 4,140 (9.2%) | 4,995 (11.1%) | 1,807 (4%) | 2,574 (5.7%) | 10,942 (24.3%) | 13,516 (30.1%) | 44,952 (100%) |
| MSM | 157 (0.8%) | 12,937 (65.2%) | 561 (2.8%) | 12 (0.1%) | 219 (1.1%) | 104 (0.5%) | 4 (0.0%) | 1 (0.0%) | 7 (0.0%) | 3,154 (15.9%) | 446 (2.2%) | 1,730 (8.7%) | 503 (2.5%) | 5,330 (26.9%) | 5,833 (29.4%) | 19,835 (100%) |
| PWID | 794 (12.7%) | 1,846 (29.6%) | 169 (2.7%) | 8 (0.1%) | 116 (1.9%) | 13 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1,363 (21.9%) | 8 (0.1%) | 1,691 (27.1%) | 228 (3.7%) | 3,062 (49.1%) | 3,290 (52.8%) | 6,236 (100%) |
| VERT | 578 (14%) | 824 (20%) | 1,627 (39.4%) | 152 (3.7%) | 71 (1.7%) | 45 (1.1%) | 5 (0.1%) | 3 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 328 (7.9%) | 136 (3.3%) | 96 (2.3%) | 263 (6.4%) | 560 (13.6%) | 823 (19.9%) | 4,128 (100%) |
| CSW | 439 (26.1%) | 47 (2.8%) | 367 (21.8%) | 72 (4.3%) | 19 (1.1%) | 56 (3.3%) | 2 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 155 (9.2%) | 196 (11.6%) | 36 (2.1%) | 296 (17.6%) | 387 (23%) | 683 (40.5%) | 1,685 (100%) |
| BLOOD | 11 (2.5%) | 270 (60.3%) | 19 (4.2%) | 5 (1.1%) | 70 (15.6%) | 3 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 18 (4%) | 25 (5.6%) | 13 (2.9%) | 14 (3.1%) | 56 (12.5%) | 70 (15.6%) | 448 (100%) |
| 1990–1999 | ||||||||||||||||
| HET | 4,229 (42.2%) | 462 (4.6%) | 1,832 (18.3%) | 1,607 (16.0%) | 239 (2.4%) | 321 (3.2%) | 80 (0.8%) | 24 (0.2%) | 8 (0.1%) | 609 (6.1%) | 245 (2.4%) | 38 (0.4%) | 327 (3.3%) | 892 (8.9%) | 1,219 (12.2%) | 10,021 (100%) |
| MSM | 3 (0.3%) | 1,041 (97.2%) | 17 (1.6%) | 1 (0.1%) | 3 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.3%) | 3 (0.3%) | 6 (0.6%) | 1,071 (100%) |
| PWID | 383 (16.4%) | 979 (42.0%) | 30 (1.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 792 (33.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 138 (5.9%) | 11 (0.5%) | 930 (39.9%) | 941 (40.3%) | 2,333 (100%) |
| VERT | 68 (18.4%) | 86 (23.2%) | 73 (19.7%) | 32 (8.6%) | 11 (3.0%) | 4 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 43 (11.6%) | 3 (0.8%) | 16 (4.3%) | 34 (9.2%) | 62 (16.8%) | 96 (25.9%) | 370 (100%) |
| CSW | 72 (26.0%) | 3 (1.1%) | 35 (12.6%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (4.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 154 (55.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 154 (55.6%) | 154 (55.6%) | 277 (100%) |
| BLOOD | 1 (3.7%) | 25 (92.6%) | 1 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 27 (100%) |
| 2000–2004 | ||||||||||||||||
| HET | 1,351 (14.4%) | 1,143 (12.2%) | 2,840 (30.3%) | 714 (7.6%) | 82 (0.9%) | 232 (2.5%) | 11 (0.1%) | 10 (0.1%) | 3 (0.0%) | 1,164 (12.4%) | 1,024 (10.9%) | 335 (3.6%) | 460 (4.9%) | 2,523 (26.9%) | 2,983 (31.8%) | 9,369 (100%) |
| MSM | 22 (0.6%) | 3,399 (94.4%) | 82 (2.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (0.3%) | 10 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 28 (0.8%) | 25 (0.7%) | 3 (0.1%) | 21 (0.6%) | 56 (1.6%) | 77 (2.1%) | 3,602 (100%) |
| PWID | 246 (13.4%) | 568 (31.1%) | 21 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 17 (0.9%) | 6 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 340 (18.6%) | 5 (0.3%) | 488 (26.7%) | 138 (7.5%) | 833 (45.5%) | 971 (53.1%) | 1,829 (100%) |
| VERT | 85 (20.9%) | 215 (53.0%) | 31 (7.6%) | 11 (2.7%) | 16 (3.9%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 25 (6.2%) | 3 (0.7%) | 19 (4.7%) | 28 (6.9%) | 47 (11.6%) | 406 (100%) |
| CSW | 126 (13.1%) | 21 (2.2%) | 291 (30.2%) | 25 (2.6%) | 18 (1.9%) | 38 (3.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.1%) | 189 (19.6%) | 35 (3.6%) | 219 (22.7%) | 225 (23.3%) | 444 (46%) | 965 (100%) |
| BLOOD | 5 (3.8%) | 35 (26.7%) | 7 (5.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | 70 (53.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (3.8%) | 5 (3.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.5%) | 10 (7.6%) | 12 (9.2%) | 131 (100%) |
| 2005–2009 | ||||||||||||||||
| HET | 2,030 (14.7%) | 1,769 (12.8%) | 4,194 (30.3%) | 691 (5.0%) | 154 (1.1%) | 473 (3.4%) | 78 (0.6%) | 26 (0.2%) | 5 (0.0%) | 842 (6.1%) | 1,757 (12.7%) | 848 (6.1%) | 978 (7.1%) | 3,447 (24.9%) | 4,425 (32%) | 13,845 (100%) |
| MSM | 37 (0.7%) | 4,218 (76.9%) | 105 (1.9%) | 2 (0.0%) | 20 (0.4%) | 13 (0.2%) | 1 (0.0%) | 1 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 740 (13.5%) | 87 (1.6%) | 134 (2.4%) | 129 (2.4%) | 961 (17.5%) | 1,090 (19.9%) | 5,487 (100%) |
| PWID | 79 (5.2%) | 209 (13.8%) | 91 (6.0%) | 3 (0.2%) | 5 (0.3%) | 2 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 219 (14.5%) | 1 (0.1%) | 849 (56.2%) | 52 (3.4%) | 1,069 (70.8%) | 1,121 (74.2%) | 1,510 (100%) |
| VERT | 35 (4.6%) | 260 (34.5%) | 181 (24.0%) | 10 (1.3%) | 1 (0.1%) | 5 (0.7%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 146 (19.4%) | 19 (2.5%) | 14 (1.9%) | 82 (10.9%) | 179 (23.7%) | 261 (34.6%) | 754 (100%) |
| CSW | 241 (54.4%) | 23 (5.2%) | 41 (9.3%) | 46 (10.4%) | 1 (0.2%) | 6 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (1.6%) | 1 (0.2%) | 77 (17.4%) | 8 (1.8%) | 85 (19.2%) | 443 (100%) |
| BLOOD | 1 (0.4%) | 189 (78.1%) | 8 (3.3%) | 4 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (5.0%) | 10 (4.1%) | 10 (4.1%) | 8 (3.3%) | 32 (13.2%) | 40 (16.5%) | 242 (100%) |
| 2010–2015 | ||||||||||||||||
| HET | 553 (5.1%) | 2,505 (23.3%) | 2,526 (23.5%) | 164 (1.5%) | 100 (0.9%) | 548 (5.1%) | 10 (0.1%) | 2 (0.0%) | 5 (0.0%) | 1,344 (12.5%) | 1,789 (16.6%) | 553 (5.1%) | 669 (6.2%) | 3,686 (34.2%) | 4,355 (40.4%) | 10,768 (100%) |
| MSM | 91 (1.0%) | 4,200 (45.2%) | 159 (1.7%) | 9 (0.1%) | 180 (1.9%) | 73 (0.8%) | 1 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (0.1%) | 2,383 (25.6%) | 334 (3.6%) | 1,517 (16.3%) | 339 (3.6%) | 4,234 (45.6%) | 4,573 (49.2%) | 9,293 (100%) |
| PWID | 86 (15.2%) | 90 (16.0%) | 27 (4.8%) | 5 (0.9%) | 94 (16.7%) | 5 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (2.1%) | 2 (0.4%) | 216 (38.3%) | 27 (4.8%) | 230 (40.8%) | 257 (45.6%) | 564 (100%) |
| VERT | 390 (15.4%) | 252 (9.9%) | 1,303 (51.3%) | 99 (3.9%) | 42 (1.7%) | 35 (1.4%) | 4 (0.2%) | 3 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 139 (5.5%) | 89 (3.5%) | 63 (2.5%) | 120 (4.7%) | 291 (11.5%) | 411 (16.2%) | 2,539 (100%) |
| BLOOD | 4 (8.3%) | 21 (43.8%) | 3 (6.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (4.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.1%) | 10 (20.8%) | 3 (6.2%) | 4 (8.3%) | 14 (29.2%) | 18 (37.5%) | 48 (100%) |
Global distribution of HIV-1 subtypes, CRFs, and URFs within key populations in 1990–2015 and each of four time periods (1990–1999, 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2015).
*Total CRFs is the sum of CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG, and Other CRFs.
†Total recombinants is the sum of total CRFs and URFs.
‡Total is the sum of total recombinants and all HIV-1 subtypes.
BLOOD, blood/plasma transfusion associated infections; CRF, circulating recombinant form; CSW, commercial sex workers; HET, heterosexual; MSM, men who have sex with men; PWID, people who inject drugs; URF, unique recombinant form; VERT, vertical transmission (mother to child).