Breeding scheme for the generation of F1 (SCIIMO mutant gene+/− x CC). Different colors represent the genotypes of the respective chromosomes of the eight founder strains. The generated CC lines (assigned CC1, CC2, CC3, CC4, etc.) are crossed with Smad4 mutant inbred mice to generate an F1 (SCIIMO mutant gene+/− x CC) and a control F1 (SCIIMO mutant gene+/+ x CC) population. Since each F1 (SCIIMO mutant gene x CC) mouse has one chromosome from SCIIMO mutant gene mutant inbred mice and the second chromosome from individual CC lines, any phenotypic and genotypic differences between the F1 crosses from the different CC lines will be due to the CC genotypes alone. KO: knockout, WT: wild-type, and CC: collaborative cross.