Table 1.
Characteristics of the 104 studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Author | Year | Country | Assay | After Treatment (A) Pre-Treatment (P) with Stevia | # Controls | Control Value | Control SD | # Cases |
Case Value | Case SD | # Stevia |
Stevia Value | Stevia SD | Extract/Compound | Type of Tissue Tested | Type of Disease |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mostafa et al. [72] | 2020 | Egypt | SOD | 80 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
10 | 3.6 | 0.11 | 10 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 10 | 2.66 | 0.09 | Aqueous | Colon | Ulcerative colitis |
| Mehmood et al. [64] | 2019 | China | SOD | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) |
8 | 118 | 6.1 | 8 | 53 | 2.8 | 8 | 107 | 12 | Hydroalcoholic | Duodenum | Hyperuricemia |
| Mehmood et al. [64] | 2019 | China | SOD | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) |
8 | 70 | 7.9 | 8 | 30 | 7 | 8 | 51 | 12 | Hydroalcoholic | Jejunum | Hyperuricemia |
| Mehmood et al. [64] | 2019 | China | SOD | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) |
8 | 55 | 8.1 | 8 | 21 | 4.5 | 8 | 40 | 4.5 | Hydroalcoholic | Ileum | Hyperuricemia |
| Mehmood et al. [63] | 2020 | China | SOD | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) |
8 | 118 | 4.9 | 8 | 91 | 5.9 | 8 | 115 | 5 | Hydroalcoholic | Serum | Hyperuricemia |
| El-Mesallamy et al. [45] | 2018 | Egypt | SOD | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) |
10 | 48 | 4 | 10 | 25 | 7.5 | 10 | 41 | 4 | Hydroalcoholic | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| El-Mesallamy et al. [45] | 2018 | Egypt | SOD | 2 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) |
10 | 48 | 4 | 10 | 25 | 7.5 | 10 | 30 | 4 | Stevioside | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| Latha et al. [70] | 2017 | India | SOD | 500 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
8 | 21 | 4.24 | 8 | 4 | 4.52 | 8 | 16.5 | 2.54 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Acute liver injury |
| Latha et al. [70] | 2017 | India | SOD | 250 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
8 | 21 | 4.24 | 8 | 4 | 4.52 | 8 | 17 | 4.52 | Stevioside | Liver | Acute liver injury |
| Moselhy et al. [66] | 2016 | Saudi Arabia | SOD | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 2 weeks (A) |
10 | 0.25 | 0.0023 | 10 | 0.18 | 0.03 | 10 | 0.21 | 0.029 | Organic | Liver | Hepatotoxic |
| Perumal et al. [67] | 2016 | India | SOD | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
6 | 10.15 | 1.05 | 6 | 4.63 | 0.95 | 6 | 6.75 | 1.25 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Perumal et al. [67] | 2016 | India | SOD | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
6 | 11.04 | 1.3 | 6 | 4.63 | 1.69 | 6 | 6.74 | 1.18 | Hydroalcoholic | Kidney | Diabetes mellitus |
| Shivanna et al. [71] | 2012 | India | SOD | NR orally, 4 weeks (P) | 10 | 2.41 | 0.91 | 10 | 1.21 | 0.05 | 10 | 2.72 | 0.52 | Fraction methanol | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Myint et al. [73] | 2020 | China | SOD | 12 mg/kg/day orally, 6 weeks (A) |
6 | 74.53 | 1.82 | 6 | 36.61 | 1.44 | 6 | 39.23 | 1.28 | Rebaudioside A | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Myint et al. [73] | 2020 | China | SOD | 10 mg/kg/day orally, 6 weeks (A) |
6 | 74.53 | 1.82 | 6 | 36.61 | 1.44 | 6 | 44.46 | 1.28 | Stevioside | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Singh et al. [37] | 2013 | India | SOD | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
7 | 50.5 | 32.80 | 7 | 37.5 | 18.79 | 7 | 50 | 10.85 | Organic | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Singh et al. [37] | 2013 | India | SOD | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
7 | 190.2 | 50.27 | 7 | 40 | 19.84 | 7 | 10 | 14.02 | Organic | Pancreas | Diabetes mellitus |
| Singh et al. [37] | 2013 | India | SOD | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
7 | 55 | 9.26 | 7 | 25 | 9.26 | 7 | 9 | 9.26 | Organic | Kidney | Diabetes mellitus |
| El-Hadary et al. [60] | 2021 | Egypt | SOD | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) |
10 | 54.3 | 2.3 | 10 | 47.2 | 1.2 | 10 | 58.8 | 0.9 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Morsi et al. [65] | 2022 | Egypt | SOD | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) |
7 | 36.25 | 1.25 | 7 | 21.25 | 3 | 7 | 29 | 1.75 | Glycosides-sweetener | Ovary | Polycystic ovary syndrome |
| Deenadayalan et al. [59] | 2021 | India | SOD | 20 mg/kg/day orally, 45 days (A) |
6 | 32.5 | 3.06 | 6 | 13 | 1.84 | 6 | 20 | 1.84 | Stevioside | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| Mostafa et al. [72] | 2020 | Egypt | CAT | 80 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (P) | 10 | 7.95 | 0.11 | 10 | 3.9 | 0.08 | 10 | 6.6 | 0.09 | Aqueous | Colon | Ulcerative colitis |
| Elsaid et al. [61] | 2019 | Egypt | CAT | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 5 weeks (P) | 12 | 34.66 | 3.14 | 12 | 14 | 2.36 | 12 | 27.66 | 3.72 | Hydroalcoholic | Kidney | Renal ischemia/reperfusion |
| Abdallah et al. [55] | 2022 | Egypt | CAT | 500 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) | 7 | 36 | 0.5 | 7 | 21 | 5 | 7 | 30 | 0.5 | Organic | Liver | Liver disease |
| Abdallah et al. [55] | 2022 | Egypt | CAT | 250 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) | 7 | 36 | 0.5 | 7 | 21 | 5 | 7 | 35 | 5 | Stevioside | Liver | Liver disease |
| Mehmood et al. [63] | 2020 | China | CAT | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) | 8 | 17.5 | 1.5 | 8 | 8 | 1.1 | 8 | 10.5 | 1.2 | Hydroalcoholic | Serum | Hyperuricemia |
| Moselhy et al. [66] | 2016 | Saudi Arabia | CAT | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 2 weeks (A) | 10 | 0.89 | 0.07 | 10 | 0.32 | 0.05 | 10 | 0.76 | 0.05 | Organic | Liver | Hepatotoxic |
| El Nashar et al. [41] | 2022 | Egypt | CAT | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (P and A) | 10 | 67.67 | 31.53 | 10 | 52.08 | 29.6 | 10 | 95.25 | 35.45 | Organic | Brain | Epilepsy |
| Hussein et al. [62] | 2020 | Egypt | CAT | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) | 8 | 17 | 0.45 | 8 | 7 | 0.19 | 8 | 22.5 | 0.98 | Hydroalcoholic | Heart | Diabetes mellitus |
| Shivanna et al. [71] | 2012 | India | CAT | NR orally, 4 weeks (P) | 10 | 1.02 | 0.05 | 10 | 0.52 | 0.07 | 10 | 0.78 | 0.17 | Fraction methanol | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Assaei et al. [44] | 2016 | Iran | CAT | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) | 10 | 29.4 | 8.85 | 10 | 9.9 | 6.96 | 10 | 33.7 | 6.33 | Aqueous | Pancreas | Diabetes mellitus |
| Deenadayalan et al. [59] | 2021 | India | CAT | 20 mg/kg/day orally, 45 days (A) | 6 | 11.5 | 3.06 | 6 | 6.25 | 3.18 | 6 | 8.75 | 1.83 | Stevioside | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| Perumal et al. [67] | 2016 | India | CAT | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) | 6 | 42.8 | 6.2 | 6 | 25.8 | 3.72 | 6 | 35.69 | 6.42 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Perumal et al. [67] | 2016 | India | CAT | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) | 6 | 34.04 | 5.27 | 6 | 23.56 | 1.54 | 6 | 25.3 | 1.71 | Hydroalcoholic | Kidney | Diabetes mellitus |
| El-Mesallamy et al. [45] | 2018 | Egypt | CAT | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) | 10 | 90 | 1 | 10 | 55 | 3 | 10 | 80 | 4 | Hydroalcoholic | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| El-Mesallamy et al. [45] | 2018 | Egypt | CAT | 2 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) | 10 | 90 | 1 | 10 | 55 | 3 | 10 | 72 | 4 | Stevioside | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| Latha et al. [70] | 2017 | India | CAT | 500 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) | 8 | 0.87 | 0.73 | 8 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 8 | 0.51 | 0.31 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Acute liver injury |
| Latha et al. [70] | 2017 | India | CAT | 250 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) | 8 | 0.87 | 0.73 | 8 | 0.21 | 0.03 | 8 | 0.3 | 0.28 | Stevioside | Liver | Acute liver injury |
| El-Mesallamy et al. [45] | 2018 | Egypt | GPx | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) | 10 | 515 | 2 | 10 | 280 | 4 | 10 | 480 | 7 | Hydroalcoholic | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| El-Mesallamy et al. [45] | 2018 | Egypt | GPx | 2 mg/kg/day Orally, 4 weeks (A) |
10 | 515 | 2 | 10 | 280 | 4 | 10 | 450 | 3.5 | Stevioside | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| Deenadayalan et al. [59] | 2021 | India | GPx | 20 mg/kg/day orally, 45 days (A) | 6 | 26 | 6.12 | 6 | 14 | 3.68 | 6 | 20 | 3.68 | Stevioside | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| El-Hadary et al. [60] | 2021 | Egypt | GPx | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) | 10 | 165.6 | 0.7 | 10 | 137.8 | 1.4 | 10 | 175.8 | 5.3 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Mostafa et al. [72] | 2020 | Egypt | GSH | 80 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) | 10 | 5.7 | 0.09 | 10 | 2.2 | 0.05 | 10 | 4.9 | 0.03 | Aqueous | Colon | Ulcerative colitis |
| Abdel-Aal et al. [56] | 2021 | Egypt | GSH | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) | 8 | 22 | 3.11 | 8 | 3 | 0.70 | 8 | 12.5 | 0.70 | Aqueous | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Abdel-Aal et al. [56] | 2021 | Egypt | GSH | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) | 8 | 22 | 1.41 | 8 | 7 | 0.71 | 8 | 17 | 1.27 | Aqueous | Kidney | Diabetes mellitus |
| Hussein et al. [62] | 2020 | Egypt | GSH | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) | 8 | 11.25 | 0.4 | 8 | 3.1 | 0.23 | 8 | 11.7 | 0.97 | Hydroalcoholic | Heart | Diabetes mellitus |
| Mehmood et al. [64] | 2019 | China | GSH | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) | 8 | 125 | 37.5 | 8 | 40 | 7.5 | 8 | 100 | 27 | Hydroalcoholic | Duodenum | Hyperuricemia |
| Mehmood et al. [64] | 2019 | China | GSH | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) | 8 | 100 | 27 | 8 | 40 | 2 | 8 | 80 | 17.5 | Hydroalcoholic | Jejunum | Hyperuricemia |
| Mehmood et al. [64] | 2019 | China | GSH | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) | 8 | 100 | 8 | 8 | 35 | 10 | 8 | 84 | 10 | Hydroalcoholic | Ileum | Hyperuricemia |
| Elsaid et al. [61] | 2019 | Egypt | GSH | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 5 weeks (P) | 12 | 8.65 | 0.57 | 12 | 3.38 | 0.36 | 12 | 7.17 | 0.64 | Hydroalcoholic | Kidney | Renal ischemia/reperfusion |
| Ramos-Tovar et al. [43] | 2019 | Mexico | GSH | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 12 weeks (A) | 8 | 10 | 1.98 | 8 | 3.75 | 1.95 | 8 | 8.55 | 1.27 | Aqueous | Liver | Liver cirrhosis |
| Casas-Grajales et al. [58] | 2019 | Mexico | GSH | 20 mg/kg/twice daily intraperitoneally, 8 weeks (A) | 8 | 13 | 0.85 | 8 | 10 | 0.28 | 8 | 13.5 | 1.13 | Stevioside | Liver | Liver fibrosis |
| Casas-Grajales et al. [57] | 2019 | Mexico | GSH | 20 mg/kg/twice daily intraperitoneally, 8 weeks (A) |
8 | 13.3 | 0.85 | 8 | 10 | 0.28 | 8 | 12.2 | 0.57 | Rebaudioside A | Liver | Liver fibrosis |
| Ramos-Tovar et al. [42] | 2018 | Mexico | GSH | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 10 weeks (A) | 8 | 5.6 | 1.41 | 8 | 3 | 0.28 | 8 | 4.5 | 1.56 | Aqueous | Liver | Liver cirrhosis |
| Ramos-Tovar et al. [68] | 2018 | Mexico | GSH | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
8 | 11.5 | 1.27 | 8 | 6 | 2.55 | 8 | 11 | 2.55 | Aqueous | Liver | Liver cirrhosis |
| Latha et al. [70] | 2017 | India | GSH | 500 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
8 | 230 | 14.14 | 8 | 95 | 28.29 | 8 | 212 | 98.99 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Acute Liver injury |
| Latha et al. [70] | 2017 | India | GSH | 250 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
8 | 230 | 14.14 | 8 | 95 | 28.28 | 8 | 181 | 14.14 | Stevioside | Liver | Acute Liver injury |
| Perumal et al. [67] | 2016 | India | GSH | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
6 | 43.4 | 7.20 | 6 | 11.83 | 8.23 | 6 | 21.4 | 6.74 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Perumal et al. [67] | 2016 | India | GSH | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
6 | 41.4 | 9.48 | 6 | 19.04 | 5.07 | 6 | 27.43 | 8.01 | Hydroalcoholic | Kidney | Diabetes mellitus |
| Shivanna et al. [71] | 2012 | India | GSH | NR orally, 4 weeks (P) | 10 | 24.58 | 0.51 | 10 | 13.58 | 0.4 | 10 | 21.11 | 0.51 | Fraction methanol | Plasma | Diabetes mellitus |
| Myint et al. [73] | 2020 | China | GSH | 12 mg/kg/day orally, 6 weeks (A) |
6 | 56.75 | 1.27 | 6 | 35.78 | 1.26 | 6 | 36.6 | 1.24 | Rebaudioside A | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Myint et al. [73] | 2020 | China | GSH | 10 mg/kg/day orally, 6 weeks (A) |
6 | 56.75 | 1.27 | 6 | 35.78 | 1.26 | 6 | 39.89 | 1.24 | Stevioside | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Singh et al. [37] | 2013 | India | GSH | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks(A) |
7 | 25.2 | 10.05 | 7 | 7.1 | 6.09 | 7 | 28.1 | 19.31 | Organic | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Singh et al. [37] | 2013 | India | GSH | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
7 | 7.5 | 6.09 | 7 | 4.1 | 1.32 | 7 | 22.1 | 10.05 | Organic | Pancreas | Diabetes mellitus |
| Singh et al. [37] | 2013 | India | GSH | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
7 | 22.4 | 8.73 | 7 | 3.5 | 0.26 | 7 | 18.1 | 8.73 | Organic | Kidney | Diabetes mellitus |
| El-Hadary et al. [60] | 2021 | Egypt | GSH | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) |
10 | 80.8 | 0.9 | 10 | 57.2 | 1.7 | 10 | 81.6 | 1.9 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Abdallah et al. [55] | 2022 | Egypt | GSH | 500 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
7 | 50 | 1 | 7 | 42.5 | 2.5 | 7 | 48 | 1.5 | Organic | Liver | Liver disease |
| Abdallah et al. [55] | 2022 | Egypt | GSH | 250 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
7 | 50 | 1 | 7 | 42.5 | 2.5 | 7 | 51 | 2 | Stevioside | Liver | Liver disease |
| Deenadayalan et al. [59] | 2021 | India | GSH | 20 mg/kg/day orally, 45 days (A) |
6 | 13.25 | 2.45 | 6 | 6 | 2.21 | 6 | 9 | 1.22 | Stevioside | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| Ranjbar et al. [40] | 2020 | Iran | TAC | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 14 weeks (A) |
10 | 0.36 | 0.16 | 10 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 10 | 0.28 | 0.13 | Hydroalcoholic | Serum | Metabolic syndrome |
| El Nashar et al. [41] | 2022 | Egypt | TAC | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (P and A) | 10 | 4.65 | 1.28 | 10 | 1.91 | 1.27 | 10 | 6.3 | 2.63 | Organic | Brain | Epilepsy |
| Abdel-Aal et al. [56] | 2021 | Egypt | MDA | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
8 | 0.2 | 0.06 | 8 | 0.58 | 0.06 | 8 | 0.24 | 0.04 | Aqueous | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Abdel-Aal et al. [56] | 2021 | Egypt | MDA | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
8 | 0.21 | 0.02 | 8 | 0.46 | 0.03 | 8 | 0.24 | 0.21 | Aqueous | Kidney | Diabetes mellitus |
| Ranjbar et al. [40] | 2020 | Iran | MDA | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 14 weeks (A) |
10 | 34 | 17.39 | 10 | 45 | 23.72 | 10 | 38 | 12.33 | Hydroalcoholic | Serum | Metabolic syndrome |
| Hussein et al. [62] | 2020 | Egypt | MDA | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) |
8 | 1.49 | 0.03 | 8 | 9.9 | 0.26 | 8 | 2 | 0.13 | Hydroalcoholic | Heart | Diabetes mellitus |
| Mehmood et al. [64] | 2019 | China | MDA | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks(A) |
8 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 8 | 5.75 | 0.9 | 8 | 1.75 | 0.49 | Hydroalcoholic | Duodenum | Hyperuricemia |
| Mehmood et al. [64] | 2019 | China | MDA | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) |
8 | 1.2 | 0.25 | 8 | 4.4 | 0.79 | 8 | 1.2 | 0.95 | Hydroalcoholic | Jejunum | Hyperuricemia |
| Mehmood et al. [64] | 2019 | China | MDA | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) |
8 | 1.1 | 0.37 | 8 | 4.1 | 1.21 | 8 | 1.5 | 0.49 | Hydroalcoholic | Ileum | Hyperuricemia |
| Mehmood et al. [63] | 2020 | China | MDA | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) |
8 | 4.6 | 1.95 | 8 | 9.15 | 1 | 8 | 5.75 | 1.25 | Hydroalcoholic | Serum | Hyperuricemia |
| Elsaid et al. [61] | 2019 | Egypt | MDA | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 5 weeks (A) |
12 | 1.89 | 0.31 | 12 | 5.2 | 1.07 | 12 | 2.92 | 0.16 | Hydroalcoholic | Kidney | Renal ischemia/reperfusion |
| Ramos-Tovar et al. [43] | 2019 | Mexico | MDA | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 12 weeks (A) |
8 | 0.19 | 0.03 | 8 | 0.29 | 0.06 | 8 | 0.2 | 0.04 | Aqueous | Liver | Liver cirrhosis |
| Casas-Grajales et al. [58] | 2019 | Mexico | MDA | 20 mg/kg/twice daily intraperitoneally, 8 weeks (A) |
8 | 0.2 | 0.03 | 8 | 0.67 | 0.09 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.07 | Stevioside | Liver | Liver fibrosis |
| Casas-Grajales et al. [57] | 2019 | Mexico | MDA | 20 mg/kg twice daily intraperitoneally, 8 weeks (A) |
8 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 8 | 0.67 | 0.11 | 8 | 0.32 | 0.09 | Rebaudioside A | Liver | Liver fibrosis |
| El-Mesallamy et al. [45] | 2018 | Egypt | MDA | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) |
10 | 4 | 1.1 | 10 | 11.5 | 0.9 | 10 | 6 | 0.95 | Hydroalcoholic | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| El-Mesallamy et al. [45] | 2018 | Egypt | MDA | 2 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) |
10 | 4 | 1.1 | 10 | 11.5 | 0.9 | 10 | 8 | 0.95 | Stevioside | Skeletal muscles | Diabetes mellitus |
| Ramos-Tovar et al. [42] | 2018 | Mexico | MDA | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 10 weeks (A) |
8 | 0.17 | 0.03 | 8 | 0.34 | 0.09 | 8 | 0.24 | 0.11 | Aqueous | Liver | Liver cirrhosis |
| Ramos-Tovar et al. [68] | 2018 | Mexico | MDA | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
8 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 8 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 8 | 0.15 | 0.06 | Aqueous | Liver | Liver cirrhosis |
| Latha et al. [70] | 2017 | India | MDA | 500 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
8 | 35 | 2.83 | 8 | 160 | 19.8 | 8 | 85 | 5.66 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Acute liver injury |
| Latha et al. [70] | 2017 | India | MDA | 250 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
8 | 35 | 2.83 | 8 | 160 | 19.78 | 8 | 115 | 2.83 | Stevioside | Liver | Acute liver injury |
| Moselhy et al. [66] | 2016 | Saudi Arabia | MDA | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 2 weeks (A) |
10 | 5.11 | 0.14 | 10 | 10.14 | 0.37 | 10 | 6.94 | 0.47 | Organic | Liver | Hepatotoxic |
| Perumal et al. [67] | 2016 | India | MDA | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
6 | 0.9 | 0.22 | 6 | 2.33 | 0.56 | 6 | 1.06 | 0.42 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Perumal et al. [67] | 2016 | India | MDA | 100 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
6 | 0.53 | 0.220 | 6 | 2.07 | 1.13 | 6 | 1.49 | 0.61 | Hydroalcoholic | Kidney | Diabetes mellitus |
| Assaei et al. [44] | 2016 | Iran | MDA | 400 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) |
10 | 0.4 | 0.13 | 10 | 1.4 | 0.25 | 10 | 0.45 | 0.13 | Aqueous | Pancreas | Diabetes mellitus |
| Shivanna et al. [71] | 2012 | India | MDA | NR, 4 weeks (P) | 10 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 10 | 0.16 | 0.03 | 10 | 0.07 | 0.01 | Fraction methanol | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Myint et al. [73] | 2020 | China | MDA | 12 mg/kg/day orally, 6 weeks (A) |
6 | 7.12 | 0.11 | 6 | 12.63 | 0.32 | 6 | 12.43 | 0.23 | Rebaudioside A | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Myint et al. [73] | 2020 | China | MDA | 10 mg/kg/day orally, 6 weeks (A) |
6 | 7.12 | 0.11 | 6 | 12.63 | 0.32 | 6 | 11.89 | 0.23 | Stevioside | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Singh et al. [37] | 2013 | India | MDA | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
7 | 25 | 66.14 | 7 | 410 | 66.14 | 7 | 10.2 | 1.32 | Organic | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Singh et al. [37] | 2013 | India | MDA | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
7 | 11.1 | 2.64 | 7 | 75.2 | 47.62 | 7 | 4.8 | 1.32 | Organic | Pancreas | Diabetes mellitus |
| Singh et al. [37] | 2013 | India | MDA | 30 mg/kg/day orally, 3 weeks (A) |
7 | 50.2 | 31.75 | 7 | 415 | 165.36 | 7 | 11 | 1.32 | Organic | Kidney | Diabetes mellitus |
| El-Hadary et al. [60] | 2021 | Egypt | MDA | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 8 weeks (A) |
10 | 5.33 | 0.2 | 10 | 11.9 | 0.5 | 10 | 4.9 | 0.1 | Hydroalcoholic | Liver | Diabetes mellitus |
| Morsi et al. [65] | 2022 | Egypt | MDA | 300 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (A) |
7 | 50 | 1.5 | 7 | 160 | 2 | 7 | 76 | 1.5 | Glycosides-sweetener | Ovary | Polycystic ovary syndrome |
| Abdallah et al. [55] | 2022 | Egypt | MDA | 500 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
7 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 7 | 10.9 | 1.75 | 7 | 4.8 | 0.8 | Organic | Liver | Liver disease |
| Abdallah et al. [55] | 2022 | Egypt | MDA | 250 mg/kg/day orally, 1 week (A) |
7 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 7 | 10.9 | 1.75 | 7 | 5 | 1 | Stevioside | Liver | Liver disease |
| El Nashar et al. [41] | 2022 | Egypt | MDA | 200 mg/kg/day orally, 4 weeks (P and A) | 10 | 50.76 | 5.58 | 10 | 81.79 | 5.82 | 10 | 42.68 | 14.6 | Organic | Brain | Epilepsy |
SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GSH: reduced glutathione; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; MDA: malondialdehyde; A: administration after disease had been established; P: administration prior to disease establishment; NR: not reported, #: number of.