Table 3.
Results of the multivariate meta-analysis for the assays superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) together and separated according to leaf extract, and stratification according to different types of extract. Listed information includes differences between groups with the 95% confidence intervals.
| SOD, CAT, GSH, TAC | SOD | CAT | GSH | TAC | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference | Coef. | p-value | 95% CI | # Studies | Coef. | p-value | 95% CI | # Studies | Coef. | p-value | 95% CI | # Studies | Coef. | p-value | 95% CI | # Studies | Coef. | p-value | 95% CI | # Studies |
| Combined leaf extract | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control−case | 6.13 | 0.00 | 4.42, 7.84 | 50 | 4.72 | 0.00 | 3.08, 6.37 | 15 | 7.66 | 0.00 | 3.01, 12.33 | 13 | 7.67 | 0.00 | 3.72, 11.61 | 20 | 1.25 | 0.00 | 0.46, 2.03 | 2 |
| stevia–case | 4.39 | 0.00 | 3.03, 5.74 | 50 | 2.77 | 0.00 | 1.39, 4.15 | 15 | 5.73 | 0.00 | 1.97, 9.5 | 13 | 5.85 | 0.00 | 2.79, 8.99 | 20 | 1.48 | 0.12 | −0.39, 3.27 | 2 |
| stevia–-control | −1.74 | 0.00 | −2.46, −1.02 | 50 | −1.95 | 0.00 | −3.18, −0.72 | 15 | −1.93 | 0.07 a | −4.07, 0.19 | 13 | −1.77 | 0.00 | −2.92, −0.62 | 20 | 0.19 | 0.79 a | −1.24, 1.62 | 2 |
| Aqueous | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control–case | 15.66 | 0.00 | 3.92, 27.40 | 9 | 22.47 | 0.26 | −17.18, 62.12 | 2 | 13.53 | 0.09 | −2.03, 29.07 | 6 | ||||||||
| stevia–case | 10.79 | 0.01 | 2.17, 19.40 | 9 | 15.70 | 0.22 | −9.34, 40.75 | 2 | 9.78 | 0.11 | −2.34, 21.91 | 6 | ||||||||
| stevia–control | −4.87 | 0.00 | −8.34, −1.41 | 9 | −6.76 | 0.36 a | −21.39, 7.86 | 2 | −3.74 | 0.04 | −7.30, −0.17 | 6 | ||||||||
| Organic | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control–case | 2.73 | 0.00 | 1.49, 3.98 | 13 | 2.45 | 0.00 | 1.18, 3.73 | 5 | 5.18 | 0.06 | −0.35, 10.71 | 3 | 2.08 | 0.01 | 0.59, 3.55 | 4 | ||||
| stevia–case | 1.85 | 0.00 | 0.77, 2.94 | 13 | 0.33 | 0.65 | −1.11, 1.78 | 5 | 4.09 | 0.03 | 0.29, 7.88 | 3 | 2.22 | 0.00 | 1.57, 2.87 | 4 | ||||
| stevia–control | −0.88 | 0.13 a | −2.03, 0.27 | 13 | −2.12 | 0.08 a | −4.52, 0.28 | 5 | −1.09 | 0.29 a | −3.15, 0.97 | 3 | 0.14 | 0.83 a | −1.16, 1.45 | 4 | ||||
| Hydroalcoholic | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control–case | 5.49 | 0.00 | 4.20, 6.76 | 26 | 4.75 | 0.00 | 4.17, 5.33 | 9 | 6.58 | 0.00 | 3.03, 10.12 | 7 | 6.38 | 0.00 | 3.35, 9.39 | 9 | ||||
| stevia–case | 4.26 | 0.00 | 2.64, 5.87 | 26 | 3.44 | 0.00 | 2.28, 4.60 | 9 | 5.48 | 0.06 | −0.25, 11.21 | 7 | 5.29 | 0.00 | 1.83, 8.72 | 9 | ||||
| stevia–control | −1.23 | 0.00 | −2.03, −0.43 | 26 | −1.31 | 0.03 | −2.49, −0.11 | 9 | −1.09 | 0.49 a | −4.19, 1.99 | 7 | −1.09 | 0.01 | −1.92, −0.27 | 9 | ||||
p-values with a represent non-statistically significant differences between ‘stevia’ and ‘control’ groups; #: number of.