Table 4.
Results of the multivariate meta-analysis for the assays superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) together, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) separated according to disease, and stratification according to different types of disease. Listed information includes differences between groups with the 95% confidence intervals.
| SOD, CAT, GSH, TAC | SOD | CAT | GSH | TAC | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference | Coef. |
p- value |
95% CI | # Studies | Coef. |
p- value |
95% CI | # Studies | Coef. |
p- value |
95% CI | # Studies | Coef. |
p- value |
95% CI | # Studies | Coef. |
p- value |
95% CI | # Studies |
| Overall | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control–case | 6.13 | 0.00 | 4.42, 7.84 | 50 | 4.72 | 0.00 | 3.08, 6.37 | 15 | 7.67 | 0.00 | 3.01, 12.33 | 13 | 7.67 | 0.00 | 3.72, 11.61 | 20 | 1.24 | 0.00 | 0.46, 2.03 | 2 |
| stevia–case | 4.39 | 0.00 | 3.03, 5.74 | 50 | 2.77 | 0.00 | 1.39, 4.15 | 15 | 5.73 | 0.00 | 1.97, 9.5 | 13 | 5.89 | 0.00 | 2.79, 8.99 | 20 | 1.44 | 0.12 | −0.39, 3.27 | 2 |
| stevia–control | −1.74 | 0.00 | −2.46, −1.02 | 50 | −1.95 | 0.00 | −3.18, −0.72 | 15 | −1.93 | 0.07 a | −4.07, 0.19 | 13 | −1.77 | 0.00 | −2.92, −0.62 | 20 | 0.19 | 0.79 a | −1.24, 1.62 | 2 |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control–case | 6.85 | 0.00 | 4.92, 8.80 | 34 | 3.41 | 0.00 | 2.28, 4.54 | 8 | 6.35 | 0.00 | 2.28, 10.43 | 6 | 8.04 | 0.00 | 3.70, 12.37 | 10 | ||||
| stevia–case | 3.75 | 0.00 | 2.22, 5.29 | 34 | 1.67 | 0.07 | −0.16, 3.49 | 8 | 6.22 | 0.07 | −0.43, 12.86 | 6 | 6.31 | 0.00 | 2.69, 9.92 | 10 | ||||
| stevia–control | −3.1 | 0.00 | −4.73, −1.48 | 34 | −1.74 | 0.08 a | −3.67, 0.19 | 8 | −0.14 | 0.94 a | −3.46, 3.19 | 6 | −1.73 | 0.06 a | −3.51, 0.05 | 10 | ||||
| Liver injury | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control–case | 3.65 | 0.00 | 2.76, 4.55 | 17 | 3.31 | 0.00 | 1.25, 5.37 | 2 | 5.49 | 0.04 | 0.35, 10.63 | 3 | 2.77 | 0.00 | 2.02, 3.52 | 5 | ||||
| stevia–case | 2.74 | 0.00 | 1.98, 3.49 | 17 | 2.13 | 0.04 | 0.08, 4.17 | 2 | 3.82 | 0.08 | −0.44, 8.09 | 3 | 2.14 | 0.00 | 1.48, 2.79 | 5 | ||||
| stevia–control | −0.92 | 0.00 | −1.3, −0.54 | 17 | −1.18 | 0.00 | −1.88, −0.48 | 2 | −1.67 | 0.00 | −2.72, −0.62 | 3 | −0.63 | 0.01 | −1.09, −0.17 | 5 | ||||
| Renal disorder | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control–case | 5.73 | 0.00 | 4.43, 7.03 | 10 | 5.53 | 0.00 | 4.05, 7.02 | 4 | 6.96 | 0.00 | 5.31, 8.61 | 2 | 5.65 | 0.00 | 2.52, 8.77 | 4 | ||||
| stevia–case | 3.80 | 0.00 | 2.63, 4.96 | 10 | 3.97 | 0.00 | 2.21, 5.73 | 4 | 3.15 | 0.01 | 0.69, 5.61 | 2 | 4.06 | 0.00 | 1.72, 6.39 | 4 | ||||
| stevia–control | −1.93 | 0.00 | −2.66, −1.19 | 10 | −1.56 | 0.00 | −2.43, −0.70 | 4 | −3.82 | 0.02 | −7.07, −0.55 | 2 | −1.59 | 0.00 | −2.51, −0.66 | 4 | ||||
p-values with a represent non-statistically significant differences between ‘stevia’ and ‘control’ groups; #: number of.