Table 5.
Results of the multivariate meta-analysis for the assays superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activity (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) together and separated, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and stratification according to different types of tissues. Listed information includes differences between groups with the 95% confidence intervals.
| SOD, CAT, GSH, TAC | SOD | CAT | GSH | TAC | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Difference | Coef | p-value | 95% CI | # Studies | Coef | p-value | 95% CI | # Studies | Coef. | p-value | 95% CI | # Studies | Coef. | p-value | 95% CI | # Studies | Coef. | p-value | 95% CI | # Studies |
| Overall | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control–case | 6.13 | 0.00 | 4.42, 7.84 | 50 | 4.72 | 0.00 | 3.08, 6.37 | 15 | 7.67 | 0.00 | 3.01, 12.33 | 13 | 7.67 | 0.00 | 3.72, 11.61 | 20 | 1.24 | 0.00 | 0.46, 2.03 | 2 |
| stevia–case | 4.39 | 0.00 | 3.03, 5.74 | 50 | 2.77 | 0.00 | 1.39, 4.15 | 15 | 5.73 | 0.00 | 1.97, 9.5 | 13 | 5.89 | 0.00 | 2.79, 8.99 | 20 | 1.44 | 0.12 | −0.39, 3.27 | 2 |
| stevia–control | −1.74 | 0.00 | −2.46, −1.02 | 50 | −1.95 | 0.00 | −3.18, −0.72 | 15 | −1.93 | 0.07 a | −4.07, 0.19 | 13 | −1.77 | 0.00 | −2.92, −0.62 | 20 | 0.19 | 0.79 a | −1.24, 1.62 | 2 |
| Liver | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control–case | −5.34 | 0.00 | 3.73, 6.95 | 31 | 2.93 | 0.00 | 1.59, 4.28 | 6 | 4.73 | 0.00 | 1.85, 7.61 | 5 | 4.56 | 0.00 | 2.04, 7.07 | 9 | ||||
| stevia–case | 2.90 | 0.00 | 2.12, 3.67 | 31 | 2.62 | 0.00 | 0.79, 4.45 | 6 | 3.04 | 0.01 | 0.61, 5.47 | 5 | 3.49 | 0.01 | 0.97, 6.00 | 9 | ||||
| stevia–control | −2.45 | 0.00 | −3.99, −0.9 | 31 | −0.32 | 0.67 a | −1.79, 1.16 | 6 | −1.69 | 0.00 | −2.34, −1.04 | 5 | −1.07 | 0.04 | −2.09, −0.05 | 9 | ||||
| Kidney | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control–case | 5.38 | 0.00 | 2.96, 7.79 | 8 | 3.85 | 0.00 | 2.13, 5.57 | 2 | 4.85 | 0.01 | 1.36, 8.34 | 2 | 6.72 | 0.01 | 1.84, 11.60 | 4 | ||||
| stevia–case | 2.78 | 0.01 | 0.58, 4.99 | 8 | −0.12 | 0.94 | −3.28, 3.05 | 2 | 2.44 | 0.20 | −1.33, 6.21 | 2 | 4.53 | 0.01 | 1.00, 8.05 | 4 | ||||
| stevia–control | −2.60 | 0.00 | −3.46, −1.73 | 8 | −3.96 | 0.00 | −6.12, −1.81 | 2 | −2.41 | 0.00 | −3.35, −1.48 | 2 | −2.19 | 0.00 | −3.67, −0.71 | 4 | ||||
| Intestine (duodenum–Jejunum–ileum) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| control–case | 4.96 | 0.00 | 3.36, 6.56 | 6 | 4.28 | 0.00 | 1.96, 6.61 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| stevia–case | 3.44 | 0.00 | 1.96, 4.91 | 6 | 3.08 | 0.00 | 1.18, 4.98 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| stevia–control | −1.52 | 0.00 | −2.00, −1.05 | 6 | −1.20 | 0.00 | −1.92, −0.48 | 3 | ||||||||||||
p-values with a represent non-significant differences between ‘stevia’ and ‘control’ groups; #: number.