. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Aug 11.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Psychol Sci. 2023 Jan 10;11(3):490–508. doi: 10.1177/21677026221133295

Table 2.

Main and interactive effects of emotion dysregulation indices and emotion induction condition on urges to use substances and behavioral risk-taking propensity

						Overall Model
Constructs	b	SE	t	p	95% CI	F	df	p	R²	Post Hoc Power

Urges to Use Substances						7.31	[5, 147]	<.001	.20	.99
Responses to Emotions Questionnaire
Responses to Emotions Questionnaire	0.15	0.03	4.64	<.001	[0.08, 0.21]
Negative Emotion Induction Condition^a	2.03	0.77	2.63	.01	[0.50, 3.56]
Neutral Emotion Induction Condition^a	0.38	0.87	0.44	.66	[−1.34, 2.11]
Responses to Emotions Questionnaire X Negative Emotion Induction Condition	−0.10	0.04	−2.48	.01	[−0.18, −0.02]
Responses to Emotions Questionnaire X Neutral Emotion Induction Condition	−0.05	0.05	−1.02	.31	[−0.14, 0.04]
High Frequency Heart Rate Variability						4.63	[5, 93]	.02	.13	.99
High Frequency Heart Rate Variability	−0.52	0.21	−2.49	.01	[−0.93, −0.10]
Negative Emotion Induction Condition^a	−4.28	1.94	−2.21	.03	[−8.13, −0.43]
Neutral Emotion Induction Condition^a	−2.80	1.77	−1.58	.12	[−6.31, 0.72]
High Frequency Heart Rate Variability X Negative Emotion Induction Condition	0.76	0.28	2.72	.01	[0.21, 1.32]
High Frequency Heart Rate Variability X Neutral Emotion Induction Condition	0.37	0.27	1.38	.17	[−0.16, 0.90]
Skin Conductance Response						1.90	[5, 134]	.10	.07	.99
Skin Conductance Response	−0.08	0.05	−1.61	.11	[−0.18, 0.02]
Negative Emotion Induction Condition^a	0.79	0.56	1.41	.16	[−0.32, 1.89]
Neutral Emotion Induction Condition^a	−0.58	0.50	−1.16	.25	[−1.56, 0.41]
Skin Conductance Response X Negative Emotion Induction Condition	−0.03	0.09	−0.33	.74	[−0.21, 0.15]
Skin Conductance Response X Neutral Emotion Induction Condition	0.11	0.07	1.63	.11	[−0.02, 0.25]
Salivary Cortisol						1.37	[5, 138]	.24	.05	.99
Salivary Cortisol	−0.35	0.49	−0.73	.47	[−1.32, 0.61]
Negative Emotion Induction Condition^a	0.25	0.60	0.42	.68	[−0.94, 1.45]
Neutral Emotion Induction Condition^a	−0.35	0.49	−0.71	.48	[−1.31, 0.62]
Salivary Cortisol X Negative Emotion Induction Condition	2.05	2.62	0.78	.43	[−3.13, 7.23]
Salivary Cortisol X Neutral Emotion Induction Condition	1.77	0.88	2.00	.05	[0.02, 3.51]
Balloon Analogue Risk Task
Responses to Emotions Questionnaire						0.21	[5, 146]	.96	.01	0.34
Responses to Emotions Questionnaire	0.14	0.20	0.68	.50	[−0.26, 0.53]
Negative Emotion Induction Condition^a	−0.10	2.60	−0.04	.97	[−5.24, 5.04]
Neutral Emotion Induction Condition^a	0.35	2.56	0.14	.89	[−4.71, 5.41]
Responses to Emotions Questionnaire X Negative Emotion Induction Condition	−0.24	0.26	−0.91	.36	[−0.75, 0.28]
Responses to Emotions Questionnaire X Neutral Emotion Induction Condition	−0.07	0.29	−0.26	.80	[−0.65, 0.50]
High Frequency Heart Rate Variability						1.83	[5, 92]	.12	.09	0.92
High Frequency Heart Rate Variability	−2.05	1.14	−1.79	.08	[−4.32, 0.22]
Negative Emotion Induction Condition^a	−3.57	3.13	−1.14	.26	[−9.79, 2.65]
Neutral Emotion Induction Condition^a	2.94	2.86	1.03	.31	[−2.73, 8.61]
High Frequency Heart Rate Variability X Negative Emotion Induction Condition	2.16	1.54	1.41	.16	[−0.89, 5.21]
High Frequency Heart Rate Variability X Neutral Emotion Induction Condition	3.19	1.53	2.09	.04	[0.15, 6.23]
Skin Conductance Response						0.84	[5, 134]	.53	.03	0.66
Skin Conductance Response	0.13	0.30	0.44	.66	[−0.46, 0.71]
Negative Emotion Induction Condition^a	−0.09	2.57	−0.03	.97	[−5.16, 4.99]
Neutral Emotion Induction Condition^a	1.66	2.56	0.65	.52	[3.40, 6.71]
Skin Conductance Response X Negative Emotion Induction Condition	0.22	0.53	0.42	.68	[−0.83, 1.26]
Skin Conductance Response X Neutral Emotion Induction Condition	−0.57	0.40	−1.42	.16	[−1.37, 0.22]
Salivary Cortisol						0.60	[5, 139]	.70	.02	0.52
Salivary Cortisol	−0.02	2.80	−0.01	.996	[−5.56, 5.53]
Negative Emotion Induction Condition^a	−1.00	2.71	−0.37	.71	[−6.35, 4.35]
Neutral Emotion Induction Condition^a	0.53	2.60	0.21	.84	[−4.61, 5.68]
Salivary Cortisol X Negative Emotion Induction Condition	−8.26	15.00	−0.55	.58	[−37.92, 21.41]
Salivary Cortisol X Neutral Emotion Induction Condition	6.59	5.08	1.30	.20	[−3.45, 16.63]

Note.

Reference group is positive emotion induction condition; bolded typeface indicates significance at the level p < .05