Table 4.

Various ingredients with their use in formulating ethosomes.

Class	Concentration (%)	Example	Uses
Phospholipids	0.5–10	Phospholipon 90G, 90H, 80H, Lipoid S100, S75, S75–3, E80 Dipalmityl phosphatidylcholine, Distearyl phosphatidylcholine	Vesicle forming unit
Edge activators/surfactant or permeation enhancer	10–50 of the totals phospholipid concentration	Tween 60, 80, 20 Span 80, 60, 40, 20 Cremophor RH-40 SPACE (skin penetrating and cell entering peptide) Oleic acid, Sodium cholate, Deoxy sodium cholate, Dimethyl sulfoxide	Increase the skin permeability or act as a penetration enhancer
Alcohol	20–50	Ethanol, Isopropyl alcohol	For providing the softness for vesicle membrane As a penetration enhancer
Glycol		Propylene glycol (p.G.) Transcutol RTM	Permeation enhancer
Cholesterol	0.1–1	Cholesterol	Gives stability and rigidity to vesicle
Dye	q.s.	Rhodamine-123 Rhodamine red Fluorescence Isothiocyanate (FITC) 6-Carboxy fluorescence	Characterization study
Vehicle	q.s.	Carbopol, etc.	Ac as gel former