Table 1.
Experimental works on the thermophysical properties of nano-enhanced phase change materials.
| Base Phase Change Materials | Nanoparticles | Remarks on the Thermophysical Properties | Authors | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sodium Acetate Trihydrate | Copper 10–30 nm | 20% thermal conductivity increase at 0.5% wt. Nearly 0.5 °C decrease in the subcooling degree. |
Cui et al. | [83] |
| Erythritol | Aluminum, copper, silica, titanium oxide | 8% thermal conductivity increase at copper 2.5% wt. Aluminum had the lowest decrease in the specific heat capacity. |
Soni et al. | [84] |
| Paraffin | Silica 11–14 nm, alumina and iron oxide 20 nm, zinc oxide 50 nm | Nearly 222% increase in the thermal diffusivity at iron oxide 8% wt. The thermal conductivity increased by up to nearly 0.92 w/m.K at alumina 4% wt. |
Babapoor and Karimi | [85] |
| Paraffin | Titanium oxide 160 nm, copper oxide 190 nm, graphene oxide 450 nm | Around 101% thermal conductivity increase at 0.3% wt. graphene oxide. Maximum latent heat capacity increase of nearly 65% with copper oxide. Decrease in the specific heat with all nanoparticles. |
Rufuss et al. | [80] |
| Eicosane | Graphite | 4.5-fold thermal conductivity increase at graphite 3.5% wt. 12.5-fold viscosity increase at graphite 3.5% wt. |
Srinivasan et al. | [86] |
| RT50 | Copper oxide | Thermal conductivity and viscosity increase. Nearly 11% melting time decrease at 4% wt. |
Pahamli et al. | [87] |
| Paraffin (IGI-1230A) | Helical-form graphene nanofibers, exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets, multi-walled carbon nanotubes | Helical-form graphene nanofibers, exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets did not alter the viscosity. Up to 75% viscosity increase with the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. |
Weigand et al. | [88] |
| RT35 | Copper oxide, alumina | 2-fold thermal conductivity increase with alumina–copper oxide 75–25%. | Kumar and Krishna | [89] |
| Paraffin | Hybrid graphene–silver nanostructures | 6.7% latent heat increase at 0.3% wt. 90% thermal conductivity increase at 0.3% wt. |
Paul et al. | [90] |
| Polyethylene Glycol | Graphene nanoplatelets | 23% thermal conductivity increase at 0.5% wt. 4 K crystallization temperature decrease at 0.5% wt. |
Marcos et al. | [91] |
| Paraffin | Polyaniline and copper oxide | 8.2% latent heat capacity increase at 1% wt. polyaniline and 7.8% latent heat capacity increase with copper oxide. Nearly 47% thermal conductivity increase at 1% wt. polyaniline and nearly 64% thermal conductivity increase at 1% polyaniline |
George et al. | [92] |