Table 3.
Correlates of biomarkers for iron status among children aged 12 to 59 months with stunting 1.
| Serum Ferritin, % 2 (N = 741) | Serum Soluble Transferrin Receptor, mg/L (N = 741) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Model 1 ‡ 10 β (95% CI) |
p | Model 2 § 10 β (95% CI) |
p | n | Model 1 ‡ β (95% CI) |
p | Model 2 § β (95% CI) |
p | |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Boy | 407 | - | - | - | - | 407 | - | - | - | - |
| Girls | 334 | 3 (−10; 19) | 0.65 | 11 (−1; 24) | 0.06 | 334 | −3.3 (−4.8; −1.8) | <0.001 | −3.1 (−4.5; −1.6) | <0.001 |
| Age, months | ||||||||||
| 12–23 | 218 | - | - | - | - | 218 | - | - | - | - |
| 24–35 | 256 | 78 (50; 114) | <0.001 | 67 (45; 92) | <0.001 | 256 | −2.9 (−4.7; −1.1) | 0.002 | −3.0 (−4.8; −1.2) | 0.001 |
| 36–59 | 267 | 143 (103; 188) | <0.001 | 130 (100; 164) | <0.001 | 267 | −5.3 (−7.1; −3.5) | <0.001 | −5.3 (−7.1; −3.5) | <0.001 |
| Stunting degree | ||||||||||
| Moderate | 430 | - | - | - | - | 430 | - | - | - | - |
| Severe | 311 | 18 (3; 37) | 0.02 | 2 (−9; 15) | 0.75 | 311 | 0.3 (−1.2; 1.8) | 0.70 | −0.2 (−1.7; 1.3) | 0.84 |
| Breastfed currently | ||||||||||
| No | 643 | - | - | - | - | 643 | - | - | - | - |
| Yes | 94 | −24 (−41; −3.3) | 0.02 | −18 (−32; 0) | 0.05 | 94 | 5.1 (2.6; 7.5) | <0.001 | 5.3 (2.8; 7.7) | <0.001 |
| Malaria rapid test | ||||||||||
| Negative | 439 | - | - | - | - | 439 | - | - | - | - |
| Positive | 291 | 167 (134; 204) | <0.001 | 75 (55; 98) | <0.001 | 291 | 2.8 (1.3; 4.3) | <0.001 | 1.9 (0.2; 3.5) | 0.02 |
| Serum C-reactive protein, mg/L | ||||||||||
| <2 | 396 | - | - | 396 | - | - | ||||
| 2–<5 | 94 | 73 (44; 108) | <0.001 | 94 | 3.9 (1.6; 6.1) | 0.001 | ||||
| 5–<10 | 88 | 124 (86; 171) | <0.001 | 88 | 2.4 (0.1; 4.7) | 0.04 | ||||
| 10–15 | 35 | 137 (79; 215) | <0.001 | 35 | 3.0 (−0.5; 6.4) | 0.09 | ||||
| >15 | 128 | 322 (259; 397) | <0.001 | 128 | 3.0 (1.0; 5.0) | 0.003 | ||||
| Serum α1-acid glycoprotein, g/L | ||||||||||
| <0.8 | 139 | - | - | 139 | - | - | ||||
| 0.8–1.2 | 232 | 36 (14; 62) | 0.001 | 232 | 1.1 (−1.0; 3.2) | 0.31 | ||||
| >1.2 | 370 | 224 (97: 282) | <0.001 | 370 | 3.3 (1.4; 5.3) | 0.001 | ||||
1 Data are number, percentage (ratio of geometric means) or mean difference, and 95% confidence interval. 2 Log-transformed, the back-transformed regression coefficient 10 β reflects percentage change in serum ferritin per 1-unit increase in the correlates. ‡ Model 1 Linear regression analysis adjusting for age and sex. Age was adjusted for sex, and vice versa. § Model 2 Linear regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, and inflammation. Serum C-reactive protein and serum α1-acid glycoprotein as categorical variables were used to adjust for inflammation, but mutually adjusted coefficients are not shown.