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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Aug 3.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2023 Aug 3;186(16):3400–3413.e20. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.06.010

KEY RESOURCES TABLE

REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER
Bacterial and virus strains
Wild-type gut bacterial strains used in this study See Table S4 See Table S4
E. coli Stbl4 ElectroMax Invitrogen 11635018
Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins
3-nitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride Sigma Aldrich N21804
acetic acid Sigma Aldrich 6283
acetic acid-d4, ≥99.9 atom % D Sigma Aldrich 233315
acetonitrile Fisher Scientific A955-4
allopurinol Sigma Aldrich A8003
ammonium acetate Fisher Scientific A11450
ammonium hydroxide solution Honeywell Fluka 4427310X1ML
butyric acid Sigma Aldrich B103500
calcium chloride Alfa Aesar 89866
chloramphenicol Sigma Aldrich C1919
chopped meat medium Anaerobe Systems AS-811
creatinine Sigma Aldrich C4255
creatinine (N-methyl-D3, 98%) Cambridge Isotope Laboratories DLM-3653
D(−)-fructose Sigma Aldrich F0127
D(+)-cellobiose Fluka Chemie GMBH 22150
D(+)-maltose, monohydrate Acros 329915000
dansyl chloride Sigma Aldrich D2625
D-cycloserine Sigma Aldrich C6880
dextrose (D-glucose), anhydrous Fisher Scientific D16-500
Difco Brain Heart Infusion Broth BD 237500
Difco Brain Heart Infusion Agar BD 241810
Difco LB Broth, Miller (Luria-Bertani) BD 244610
Difco Reinforced Clostridial Medium (RCM) BD 218081
dimethyl sulfoxide MP Biomedicals 219605590
erythromycin Sigma Aldrich E5389
ethanol Fisher Scientific BP2818
ferrous sulfate heptahydrate Fisher Scientific I146
formic acid Fisher Scientific A117-50
GAM Agar Nissui 05420
GAM Broth Nissui 05422
GAM Broth, Modified Nissui 05433
glycerol Fisher Scientific BP229-1
glycine Sigma Aldrich G7126
hematin, porcine Sigma Aldrich H3281
hydrochloric acid Fisher Scientific SA49
hydrocinnamic acid-d9 (phenylpropionic acid-d9) C/D/N Isotopes D-5666
isobutyric acid Sigma Aldrich 58360
isovaleric acid Sigma Aldrich 129542
lactic acid Fisher Chemical A159-500
L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate Sigma Aldrich C7880
L-histidine Sigma Aldrich H8000
M9 Minimal Salts, 5x BD 248510
magnesium sulfate heptahydrate Fisher Scientific M63-500
meat extract Sigma Aldrich 70164
menadione Sigma Aldrich M5625
methanol Fisher Scientific A456-4
mucin type III Sigma Aldrich M1778
N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide Sigma Aldrich 3449
n-butyric acid Sigma Aldrich B103500
potassium oxonate Ambeed A157215
potassium phosphate dibasic Fisher Scientific BP363
potassium phosphate monobasic Fisher Scientific BP362
propionic acid Sigma Aldrich 402907
pyridine Sigma Aldrich 270970
resazurin, sodium salt Acros 418900050
sodium acetate Sigma Aldrich S2889
sodium bicarbonate Fisher Scientific S233-500
sodium butyrate Sigma Aldrich 303410
sodium carbonate Fisher Scientific S263-500
sodium chloride Fisher Scientific S271-500
sodium fumarate dibasic Sigma Aldrich F1506
sodium hydroxide Fisher Scientific S318-500
sodium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous Caisson Labs S018-500GM
sodium propionate Sigma Aldrich P1880
sodium thioglycolate BD B12081
sterilized rumen fluid Bar Diamond Inc. SRF
succinic acid Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI) S0100
thiamphenicol Sigma Aldrich T0261
trace mineral supplement ATCC MD-TMS
tryptone BD 211705
tryticase peptone, pancreatic digest of casein BD 221921
tween 80 Fisher Scientific T164-500
uric acid Sigma Aldrich U2625
uric acid (1,3-15N2, 98%+) Cambridge Isotope Laboratories NLM-1697-PK
uric acid (13C5, 99.3%) Acanthus Research U-10826-01
valeric acid Sigma Aldrich 240370
vitamin K1 Sigma Aldrich V3501
vitamin supplement ATCC MD-VS
water Fisher Scientific W6-4
xanthine Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI) X0004
xanthine (1,3-15N2, 98%+) 90% PURE Cambridge Isotope Laboratories NLM-1698-PK
yeast extract BD 288620
Medium formulations See Table S4 See Table S4
Critical commercial assays
AcroPrep Advance Filter Plates for Ultrafiltration with Omega Membrane, MWCO 3K Pall Corporation 8033
DNA Clean & Concentrator-5, Capped Columns Zymo Research D4013
RNAprotect Bacteria Reagent Qiagen 76506
PowerUp SYBR Green Master Mix ThermoFisher A25778
PrimeSTAR Max DNA Polymerase Takara R045A
Qubit RNA BR assay kit ThermoFisher Q10210
SuperScript IV VILO Master Mix with ezDNase Enzyme ThermoFisher 11766050
Terra PCR Direct Genotyping Kit Takara 639285
Urea Assay Kit Sigma Aldrich MAK006
Deposited data
RNA-seq data NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus GSE206419
Metagenomic reads from Uox mice NCBI BioProject PRJNA947216
Metagenomic data re-analyzed from the FARMM study NCBI BioProject PRJNA675301
Metabolomics data re-analyzed from the FARMM study Metabolomics Workbench Study ID ST001519
Reference genomes analyzed from the Human Microbiome Project NCBI BioProject PRJNA43021
Custom R script for the metagenomic data processing and figure generation Github https://github.com/HAugustijn/uric_acid_project/
Experimental models: Organisms/strains
Uricase deficient mice (B6; 129S7-Uoxtm1Bay/J) The Jackson Laboratory 002223;RRID:IMSR_JAX:002223
Germ-free C57BL/6 mice (C57BL/6NTac) Taconic Biosciences http://www.taconic.com
C. sporogenes ATCC 15579; wild-type ATCC http://www.atcc.org
C. sporogenes ATCC 15579; ygeX(1026a)::CT This study N/A
C. sporogenes ATCC 15579; pbuX(952a)::CT This study N/A
C. sporogenes ATCC 15579; hyuA(524a)::CT This study N/A
C. sporogenes ATCC 15579; ygeW(1034a)::CT This study N/A
C. sporogenes ATCC 15579; ygfK(1440a)::CT This study N/A
C. sporogenes ATCC 15579; ssnA(784s)::CT This study N/A
C. sporogenes ATCC 15579; ygeY(358s)::CT This study N/A
C. sporogenes ATCC 15579; xdhAC(1084s)::CT This study N/A
E. coli MG 1655; wild-type E. coli Genetic Stock Center http://www.cgsc.biology.yale.edu
E. coli MG 1655; Δ(ygeW::cat)1 This study N/A
E. coli MG 1655; Δ(ygeX::cat)1 This study N/A
E. coli MG 1655; Δ(ygeY::cat)1 This study N/A
E. coli MG 1655; Δ(hyuA::cat)1 This study N/A
E. coli MG 1655; Δ(ygfK::cat)1 This study N/A
E. coli MG 1655; Δ(ssnA::cat)1 This study N/A
Oligonucleotides
ygeX (CLOSPO_02124, 1026a) gBlock:
ATAAAGTTGTGTAATTTTTAAGCTTTATAATTATCCTT
AGACTCCCCTGATGTGCGCCCAGATAGGGTGTTAA
GTCAAGTAGTTTAAGGTACTACTCTGTAAGATAACA
CAGAAAACAGCCAACCTAACCGAAAAGCGAAAGCT
GATACGGGAACAGAGCACGGTTGGAAAGCGATGAG
TTACCTAAAGACAATCGGGTACGACTGAGTCGCAAT
GTTAATCAGATATAAGGTATAAGTTGTGTTTACTGAA
CGCAAGTTTCTAATTTCGATTGAGTCTCGATAGAGG
AAAGTGTCTGAAACCTCTAGTACAAAGAAAGGTAAG
TTAATATCAGGGACTTATCTGTTATCACCACATTTGT
ACAATCTGTAGGAGAACCTATGG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
pbuX (CLOSPO_02125, 952s) gBlock:
ATAAAGTTGTGTAATTTTTAAGCTTTATAATTATCCTT
ACAAAACGTAGGGGTGCGCCCAGATAGGGTGTTAA
GTCAAGTAGTTTAAGGTACTACTCTGTAAGATAACA
CAGAAAACAGCCAACCTAACCGAAAAGCGAAAGCT
GATACGGGAACAGAGCACGGTTGGAAAGCGATGAG
TTACCTAAAGACAATCGGGTACGACTGAGTCGCAAT
GTTAATCAGATATAAGGTATAAGTTGTGTTTACTGAA
CGCAAGTTTCTAATTTCGGTTTTTTGTCGATAGAGGA
AAGTGTCTGAAACCTCTAGTACAAAGAAAGGTAAGT
TAAGCCCTACGACTTATCTGTTATCACCACATTTGTA
CAATCTGTAGGAGAACCTATGG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
hyuA (CLOSPO_02126, 524a) gBlock:
ATAAAGTTGTGTAATTTTTAAGCTTTATAATTATCCTT
ACTGTACGTATACGTGCGCCCAGATAGGGTGTTAA
GTCAAGTAGTTTAAGGTACTACTCTGTAAGATAACA
CAGAAAACAGCCAACCTAACCGAAAAGCGAAAGCT
GATACGGGAACAGAGCACGGTTGGAAAGCGATGAG
TTACCTAAAGACAATCGGGTACGACTGAGTCGCAAT
GTTAATCAGATATAAGGTATAAGTTGTGTTTACTGAA
CGCAAGTTTCTAATTTCGGTTTACAGTCGATAGAGG
AAAGTGTCTGAAACCTCTAGTACAAAGAAAGGTAAG
TTATGGTATACGACTTATCTGTTATCACCACATTTGT
ACAATCTGTAGGAGAACCTATGG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygeW (CLOSPO_02127, 1034a) gBlock:
ATAAAGTTGTGTAATTTTTAAGCTTTATAATTATCCTT
ACTGATCCAGCTAGTGCGCCCAGATAGGGTGTTAA
GTCAAGTAGTTTAAGGTACTACTCTGTAAGATAACA
CAGAAAACAGCCAACCTAACCGAAAAGCGAAAGCT
GATACGGGAACAGAGCACGGTTGGAAAGCGATGAG
TTACCTAAAGACAATCGGGTACGACTGAGTCGCAAT
GTTAATCAGATATAAGGTATAAGTTGTGTTTACTGAA
CGCAAGTTTCTAATTTCGGTTATCAGTCGATAGAGG
AAAGTGTCTGAAACCTCTAGTACAAAGAAAGGTAAG
TTAGGTAGCTGGACTTATCTGTTATCACCACATTTGT
ACAATCTGTAGGAGAACCTATGG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygfK (CLOSPO_02128, 1440a) gBlock:
ATAAAGTTGTGTAATTTTTAAGCTTTATAATTATCCTT
AGTATTCTCCTTAGTGCGCCCAGATAGGGTGTTAAG
TCAAGTAGTTTAAGGTACTACTCTGTAAGATAACACA
GAAAACAGCCAACCTAACCGAAAAGCGAAAGCTGA
TACGGGAACAGAGCACGGTTGGAAAGCGATGAGTT
ACCTAAAGACAATCGGGTACGACTGAGTCGCAATGT
TAATCAGATATAAGGTATAAGTTGTGTTTACTGAACG
CAAGTTTCTAATTTCGATTAATACTCGATAGAGGAAA
GTGTCTGAAACCTCTAGTACAAAGAAAGGTAAGTTA
GCTAAGGAGACTTATCTGTTATCACCACATTTGTAC
AATCTGTAGGAGAACCTATGG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ssnA (CLOSPO_02129, 784s) gBlock:
ATAAAGTTGTGTAATTTTTAAGCTTTATAATTATCCTT
AATAGCCGTACATGTGCGCCCAGATAGGGTGTTAA
GTCAAGTAGTTTAAGGTACTACTCTGTAAGATAACA
CAGAAAACAGCCAACCTAACCGAAAAGCGAAAGCT
GATACGGGAACAGAGCACGGTTGGAAAGCGATGAG
TTACCTAAAGACAATCGGGTACGACTGAGTCGCAAT
GTTAATCAGATATAAGGTATAAGTTGTGTTTACTGAA
CGCAAGTTTCTAATTTCGGTTGCTATCCGATAGAGG
AAAGTGTCTGAAACCTCTAGTACAAAGAAAGGTAAG
TTACAATGTACGACTTATCTGTTATCACCACATTTGT
ACAATCTGTAGGAGAACCTATGG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygeY (CLOSPO_02130, 358s) gBlock:
ATAAAGTTGTGTAATTTTTAAGCTTTATAATTATCCTT
AGGCGGCATGGCCGTGCGCCCAGATAGGGTGTTAA
GTCAAGTAGTTTAAGGTACTACTCTGTAAGATAACA
CAGAAAACAGCCAACCTAACCGAAAAGCGAAAGCT
GATACGGGAACAGAGCACGGTTGGAAAGCGATGAG
TTACCTAAAGACAATCGGGTACGACTGAGTCGCAAT
GTTAATCAGATATAAGGTATAAGTTGTGTTTACTGAA
CGCAAGTTTCTAATTTCGATTCCGCCTCGATAGAGG
AAAGTGTCTGAAACCTCTAGTACAAAGAAAGGTAAG
TTAGAGGCCATGACTTATCTGTTATCACCACATTTGT
ACAATCTGTAGGAGAACCTATGG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
xdhAC (CLOSPO_02131, 1084s) gBlock:
ATAAAGTTGTGTAATTTTTAAGCTTTATAATTATCCTT
AGATGGCGATGGAGTGCGCCCAGATAGGGTGTTAA
GTCAAGTAGTTTAAGGTACTACTCTGTAAGATAACA
CAGAAAACAGCCAACCTAACCGAAAAGCGAAAGCT
GATACGGGAACAGAGCACGGTTGGAAAGCGATGAG
TTACCTAAAGACAATCGGGTACGACTGAGTCGCAAT
GTTAATCAGATATAAGGTATAAGTTGTGTTTACTGAA
CGCAAGTTTCTAATTTCGATTCCATCTCGATAGAGG
AAAGTGTCTGAAACCTCTAGTACAAAGAAAGGTAAG
TTAACTCCATCGACTTATCTGTTATCACCACATTTGT
ACAATCTGTAGGAGAACCTATGG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygeX (CLOSPO_02124) sequencing
Csp.ygeX-F: AGTAACTGGAGATATGCCTA
Csp.ygeX-R: TACTAAAGTTGCTATGCCT
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
pbuX (CLOSPO_02125) sequencing
Csp.pbuX-F: TTTTGTTTTATTATGGCACCT
Csp.pbuX-R: TGCCAAACATAGCTATACCA
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
hyuA (CLOSPO_02126) sequencing
Csp.hyuA-F: AAATCATTGATGCTCATGG
Csp.hyuA-R: TAATCTAACCCTAACTTACAGG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygeW (CLOSPO_02127) sequencing
Csp.ygeW-F: CATCTTATGGTAAGCCACT
Csp.ygeW-R: GTTCTTCAAACTTTAGGGCTG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygfK (CLOSPO_02128) sequencing
Csp.ygfK-F: CTTCTAAAGGCAAACAAGC
Csp.ygfK-R: TAACCTTTCCATTTCCGAT
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ssnA (CLOSPO_02129) sequencing
Csp.ssnA-F: AAGGAAAACTTATAATGCCAG
Csp.ssnA-R: CATTTCAGGAATTTCGGTC
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygeY (CLOSPO_02130) sequencing
Csp.ygeY-F: TTTTAAAAGAAGGTGCTCT
Csp.ygeY-R: TTCATACACATTTATTACCCC
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
xdhAC (CLOSPO_02131) sequencing
Csp.xdhAC-F: ATTATTACAGCACAAGATGTCC
Csp.xdhAC-R: CGCATGATGTTGTACACTCA
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygeW (b2870) λ-red recombination knockout
F:
TTTGCCTGTCATTCCACTACCGGGACTTTATGATGG
TGTAGGCTGGAGCTGCTTC
R:
ATCGGCCCGAGGGGTTATTTCACGCGTTCTTGCGC
CCATATGAATATCCTCCTTAGT
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygeX (b2871) λ-red recombination knockout
F:
CCCTCTATTTCCAGAGGCCAAAAGGATAGGATATGG
TGTAGGCTGGAGCTGCTTC
R:
TTCCAATAGGGTGATTAAGGTGCTACAGCGTGTTTC
CATATGAATATCCTCCTTAGT
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygeY (b2872) λ-red recombination knockout
F:
AAAACGGGGAGTAAAAAATCTGGAGAAAAATAATGG
TGTAGGCTGGAGCTGCTTC
R:
GCCCATGATAGATACGCCGTTAGTTGAGAAGGTCC
CCATATGAATATCCTCCTTAGT
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
hyuA (b2873) λ-red recombination knockout
F:
TCCGGTTCGCCGGAGGGTTTTTGGAGTTTGCTATG
GTGTAGGCTGGAGCTGCTTC
R:
ATCCCTGGCAGTGGTTAGAGCACGGGAGGGACAAA
CCATATGAATATCCTCCTTAGT
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygfK (b2878) λ-red recombination knockout
F:
CAATGATATCTGTATAAGCTAAGGAGAGGGTTATGG
TGTAGGCTGGAGCTGCTTC
R:
CGCCAGGCTGAAGACGGTGATTTTGTCTTTGTACGC
CATATGAATATCCTCCTTAGT
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ssnA (b2879) λ-red recombination knockout
F:
CATTATCTGCTGGGCCGCGTGGAGGTGTAATCATG
GTGTAGGCTGGAGCTGCTTC
R:
AGGGCATCTGTCATTTATGCCAGCGCATCCATCCGC
CATATGAATATCCTCCTTAGT
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygeW (b2870) sequencing
Ec.ygeW-CHF: GAATTTGCATCAATACTGACTG
Ec.ygeW-CHR: TAACCTTCCCATGCCGTGTC
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygeX (b2871) sequencing
Ec.ygeX-CHF: GAGCGTACTGAATTGCTGCG
Ec.ygeX-CHR: CGTACGGATCGAAGTCCCAG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygeY (b2872) sequencing
Ec.ygeY-CHF: TGAAGCACTACCGCGAAGTT
Ec.ygeY-CHR: TCGTAACTGCGTTCGTCCAA
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
hyuA (b2873) sequencing
Ec.hyuA-CHF: CTGAAGCGCATGCACCTAAC
Ec.hyuA-CHR: TCAGTTTTTGCGGCAGCTTC
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygfK (b2878) sequencing
Ec.ygfK-CHF: AGGCAATCCAACGACCCAAT
Ec.ygfK-CHR: ATCGCGCTGATTGAGTAGGG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ssnA (b2879) sequencing
Ec.ssnA-CHF: TCCAGAACCGTTTCCAGACG
Ec.ssnA-CHR: AGGCCAGGTAGTCCTCGATT
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
aegA (b2468) RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 2.07)
Ec.aegA-F: AGGTCACTGCACTACGTTGCT
Ec.aegA-R: ATGATGAGCAACATGTCCTGAGCC
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygfK (b2878) RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 2.03)
Ec.ygfK-F: TTGACGCGCATATTTGATGAATACC
Ec.ygfK-R: AGGTTTCACCGAAGACGCTAACA
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
ygfT (b2887) RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 2.04)
Ec.ygfT-F: TCGCATCATCCCGTAAGTCCC
Ec.ygfT-R: ATCTTAACTGTGAAATTGGCCGCG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
rpoH (b3461) RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 1.98)
Ec.rpoH-F: CACTGCTTTCATCAGGCCGA
Ec.rpoH-R: AAACGCTGATCCTGTCTCACC
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
K127_2399939 ygeX RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 1.97)
YgeX-F: TATTTAGGGCTTGGTGAGGTTTACA
YgeX-R: TTTGCTATGTAACGTGCCATGG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
K127_2399939 ygeY RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 1.96)
YgeY-F: TCTGCCGAGTGTTAAGAAATATGGG
YgeY-R: TAGCACTCGATAGGATATACCAGGT
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
K127_2399939 ssnA RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 1.94)
SsnA-F: TTATGTACTACGCAGGTATCGGT
SsnA-R: GGATATTCTGGGACCAAAGACGA
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
K127_1837117 ygeX RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 2.00)
YgeX-F: TCTGTTGAGAACATGAGCACA
YgeX-R: TCCTTTCCGCCATTATGGAG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
K127_1837117 ygeY RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 1.95)
YgeY-F: AGTGGGTTCAGTGGAGATGAC
YgeY-R: ACTGCGACGGTATGTGCTG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
K127_1837117 ssnA RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 1.91)
SsnA-F: CCGTTGATAATAGTAGTGCGGCA
SsnA-R: TGATTGTCATGGATTACAAGCCCT
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
K127_2793018 ygeX RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 2.00)
YgeX-F: AGAAGTCGGTTGTACATATGCCG
YgeX-R: CGCCATACGGACACATTCATCA
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
K127_2793018 ygeY RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 1.97)
YgeY-F: GTTCGGTGCAGGAGGAAGAC
YgeY-R: CGGTCGGTTCGGTCGAAATA
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
K127_2793018 ssnA RT-qPCR (Amplification factor 1.87)
SsnA-F: TTCGGCATGATGGGCAAGAA
SsnA-R: TGACTGCTCCATCGTCCATG
Integrated DNA technologies N/A
UOx genotyping
oIMR1621: CGAGACCTTTGCAATGAACA
oIMR1622: CTCATCTGCTCCACCTCACA
oIMR6218: CCTTCTATCGCCTTCTTGACG
The Jackson Laboratory Protocol 31298
Recombinant DNA
Plasmid pMTL007C-E2-ygeX (CLOSPO_02124); 1026a This paper N/A
Plasmid pMTL007C-E2-pbuX (CLOSPO_02125); 952s This paper N/A
Plasmid pMTL007C-E2-hyuA (CLOSPO_02126); 524a This paper N/A
Plasmid pMTL007C-E2-ygeW (CLOSPO_02127); 1034a This paper N/A
Plasmid pMTL007C-E2-ygfK (CLOSPO_02128); 1440a This paper N/A
Plasmid pMTL007C-E2-ssnA (CLOSPO_02129); 784s This paper N/A
Plasmid pMTL007C-E2-ygeY (CLOSPO_02130); 358s This paper N/A
Plasmid pMTL007C-E2-xdhAC (CLOSPO_02131); 1084s This paper N/A
Software and algorithms
MassHunter Workstation LC/MS Data Acquisition Agilent Technologies v.10.1
MassHunter Workstation Quantitative Analysis Agilent Technologies v.10.0
CLC Genomics Workbench QIAGEN v.21.0.4
GraphPad Prism GraphPad Software, LLC v.9.3.1
QuantStudio 5 qPCR Data Analysis Software ThermoFisher Scientific v.1.5.1