Fig. 11.

A 3-year-old boy newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus infection and started on antiretroviral therapy. a Posteroanterior chest radiograph (CXR) on initiation of therapy shows no radiographic evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and the patient was asymptomatic. b Repeat posteroanterior CXR 6 weeks later, on presentation with a cough, shows marked paratracheal, right hilar and subcarinal lymphadenopathy with splaying of the carina and attenuation of the bronchus intermedius and middle/lower lobe bronchi in keeping with TB. This is an example of unmasking TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome