Table 3.
Thalamic nuclei volumes mm3 [estimated marginal means ± standard error] (covariates: age, sex, education, and thalamic volume)
| “Gene Negative” | C9orf72 | SOD1 | Univariate p value and effect size | Significant post hoc contrasts (Bonferroni) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left thalamusa | |||||
| AV | 137.06 ± 2.00 | 130.87 ± 3.25 | 138.34 ± 4.20 | p = 0.240; η2p = 0.034 | |
| LGN | 166.12 ± 3.36 | 163.11 ± 5.47 | 165.70 ± 7.06 | p = 0.899; η2p = 0.003 | |
| MGN | 119.64 ± 1.89 | 122.31 ± 3.08 | 121.84 ± 3.97 | p = 0.724; η2p = 0.008 | |
| Pulvinar limitans | 1459.01 ± 12.86 | 1423.92 ± 20.91 | 1498.39 ± 26.98 | p = 0.105; η2p = 0.054 | |
| LD | 33.19 ± 0.89 | 33.24 ± 1.44 | 36.30 ± 1.86 | p = 0.315; η2p = 0.028 | |
| LP | 138.34 ± 1.75 | 141.55 ± 2.85 | 136.20 ± 3.67 | p = 0.494; η2p = 0.017 | |
| Mediodorsal paratenial reuniens | 1024.70 ± 8.10 | 963.41 ± 13.17 | 1014.00 ± 16.99 | p < 0.001; η2p = 0.156 |
C9orf72 < GeneNegative (p < 0.001); C9orf72 < SOD1 (p = 0.072) |
| Motor nuclei | 1925.53 ± 12.99 | 1962.99 ± 21.13 | 1894.25 ± 6.39 | p = 0.138; η2p = 0.047 | |
| Sensory nuclei | 869.66 ± 6.39 | 925.78 ± 10.40 | 868.47 ± 13.41 | p < 0.001; η2p = 0.207 |
C9orf72 > GeneNegative (p < 0.001); C9orf72 > SOD1 (p = 0.004) |
| Intralaminar | 438.53 ± 3.35 | 444.59 ± 5.44 | 438.28 ± 7.02 | p = 0.634; η2p = 0.011 | |
| Right thalamusb | |||||
| AV | 146.04 ± 2.12 | 149.92 ± 3.46 | 140.89 ± 4.48 | p = 0.305; η2p = 0.029 | |
| LGN | 195.57 ± 3.40 | 199.43 ± 5.56 | 189.18 ± 7.19 | p = 0.552; η2p = 0.014 | |
| MGN | 128.02 ± 1.76 | 131.18 ± 2.88 | 123.64 ± 3.72 | p = 0.303; η2p = 0.029 | |
| Pulvinar limitans | 1672.23 ± 14.36 | 1601.58 ± 23.48 | 1654.62 ± 30.35 | p = 0.047; η2p = 0.072 | C9orf72 < GeneNegative (p = 0.041) |
| LD | 30.80 ± 0.91 | 32.86 ± 1.49 | 32.28 ± 1.92 | p = 0.456; η2p = 0.019 | |
| LP | 127.60 ± 1.65 | 128.67 ± 2.69 | 133.53 ± 3.48 | p = 0.312; η2p = 0.028 | |
| Mediodorsal paratenial reuniens | 1041.07 ± 7.94 | 1018.39 ± 12.98 | 1069.44 ± 16.78 | p = 0.070; η2p = 0.063 | |
| Motor nuclei | 1950.55 ± 13.03 | 1967.71 ± 21.30 | 1929.43 ± 27.54 | p = 0.565; η2p = 0.014 | |
| Sensory nuclei | 929.49 ± 6.36 | 974.89 ± 10.40 | 936.08 ± 13.44 | p = 0.002; η2p = 0.141 |
C9orf72 > GeneNegative (p < 0.001); C9orf72 > SOD1 (p = 0.088); |
| Intralaminar | 434.56 ± 3.63 | 451.30 ± 5.94 | 446.84 ± 7.68 | p = 0.042; η2p = 0.075 | C9orf72 > GeneNegative (p = 0.062); |
Age = 43.43; Sex = 1.57; Education = 14.57; Left total thalamic volume = 6311.78; Right total thalamic volume = 6655.93. Post hoc univariate comparisons across groups were performed only in case of a significant multivariate omnibus test: aWilks’ Lambda = 0.584; F (18, 148) = 2.535; p = 0.001, bWilks’ Lambda = 0.590; F (18, 148) = 2.481; p = 0.001. Partial η2 effect size is interpreted as small (η2p = 0.01), medium (η2p = 0.06) and large (η2p = 0.14)