Table 2.
Prevalence of non-motor symptoms in Multiple System Atrophy
| Author (n) | Constipation | Depression | Hallucinations | Delusions | Apathy | Anxiety | RBD | Orthostatic Hypotension | EDS | Anosmia | Urinary Dysfunction | Drooling | Sexual Dysfunction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lee (2018) [5] (n = 14) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 6 | Not reported | Not reported |
| Reimann (2010) [72] (n = 38) | 14 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 5 | Not reported | Not reported | 25 | 6 | Not reported |
| Higginson (2012) [64] (n = 17) | 13 | Not reported | 5 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 14 | Not reported | 12 | Not reported | Not reported |
| Santangelo (2018) [15] (n = 42) | Not Reported |
6 Depression alone 15 Depression and apathy |
Not reported | Not reported | 6 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Ha (2011) [73] (n = 26) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 21 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Barcelos (2018) [33] (n = 14) | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 8 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
| Colosimo (2009) [2] (n = 34) | 28 (grouped as GI symptoms) | 27 (grouped as psychiatric disorders) | 27 (grouped as psychiatric disorders) | 27 (grouped as psychiatric disorders) | 22 | 27 (grouped as psychiatric disorders) | 23 (grouped as sleep disturbance) | 18 | 23 (grouped as sleep disturbance) | Not reported | 30 | 28 (grouped as GI symptoms) | Not reported |
| Du (2018) [13] (n = 143) | 105 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 43 | Not reported | Not reported |
114 Nocturia 112 Urinary urgency 100 Urinary incontinence |
101 | Not reported |
| Zhang (2016) [65] (n = 172) | 94 | 127 | 6 | 1 | 115 | 78 | Not reported | 120 (grouped as lightheaded-ness) | 91 | 40 (grouped with taste) | 157 | 51 | 125 |