Fig. 1. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for intakes of total protein, protein from all dairy products and dairy sources, and dietary calcium and colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer risk.

All models used age as the underlying time variable, were stratified by age groups at recruitment, and were further adjusted for height, physical activity, Townsend deprivation index, education, employment status, smoking status, alcohol intake, ethnicity, diagnosis of diabetes, BMI, energy intake. For colorectal cancer analyses: all models were stratified by sex and further adjusted for menopausal status (women only), menopausal hormone therapy use (women only), red and processed meat intake, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use. For breast cancer analyses: models were further adjusted for menopausal hormone therapy use, oral contraceptive use, parity and age at first birth, age at menarche, BMI and menopausal status. For prostate cancer analyses: models were further adjusted for marital status. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio, N number of participants, Q quantile, ref reference group.