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. 2023 Aug 11;13:13075. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40402-3

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Optogenetic targeting of astrocytes allows manipulation of slow oscillations. (A) Experimental design. (B) Low resolution wide-field image of Voltron fluorescence. Scale bar, 500 μm. (C) High resolution wide-field image of a neuron expressing Voltron. Scale bar, 10 μm. (D) Representative traces of voltage sensor signal in NTG and APP mice. (E) Representative traces of voltage sensor signal acquired spontaneously (Spon), during light activation of mCherry lacking ChR2 at 1.2 Hz (mCherry 2XRx), or during optogenetic activation of ChR2 at 1.2 Hz (ChR2 2XRx) in NTG mice. Light pulse stimulations are shown in blue. (F) Representative traces of voltage sensor signal acquired spontaneously (Spon), during light activation of mCherry lacking ChR2 at 0.6 Hz (mCherry 1XRx), or during optogenetic activation of ChR2 at 0.6 Hz (ChR2 1XRx) in APP mice. Light pulse stimulations are shown in blue. (G–I) Power spectral density plots of slow oscillations in NTG (H) and APP (I) mice across conditions. Mean ± SEM. (J) Bar graph comparing the average power of slow oscillations in NTG and APP mice. (K) Bar graph comparing the average power of slow oscillations in NTG mice across conditions. (L) Bar graph comparing the average power of slow oscillations in APP mice across conditions. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.