Table 5.
Comparison of PTEs concentration (µg/ L) in water sources of the present study with other relevant recent studies (last 5 years) carried out in Uttarakhand (India).
| S.N | Location/Details | Al | Si | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | As | Se | Cd | Ba | Hg | Pb | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| µg/L | |||||||||||||||||
| 1 | Kumaun Himalaya/Naini Lake basin (Spring) | NA | NA | NA | 10–150 | BDL-210 | NA | NA | BDL-240 | 10–150 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 27 |
| 2 | Haridwar/ Surface water | NA | NA | NA | NA | 90–780 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 73 |
| 3 | Garhwal-Himalaya region/Surface water | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4101- 6562 | NA | NA | 2- 10 | 12–59 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1- 10 | 74 |
| 4 | Haridwar/Surface water | 1.38–2.42 | 47.40–58.00 | NA | 2.57- 4.51 | 5222.56- 5696.92 | 2.39–6.35 | 2.39–2.91 | 2.98- 14.51 | 32.83- 42.68 | NA | NA | 2.42–2.83 | NA | NA | 2.23- 5.48 | 75 |
| 5 | Haridwar/Surface water | 1.217–2.842 | 2.733–49.417 | NA | 2.808–6.225 | 5289.467–5496.525 | 2.575–4.258 | 2.233–48.583 | 3.183–4.358 | 26.233–39.433 | NA | NA | 1.642–3.367 | NA | NA | 2.900–6.917 | 76 |
| 6 | Rishikesh and Haridwar/Surface water | NA | NA | NA | NA | 110- 350 | NA | NA | NA | 1140- 1140 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 77 |
| 7 | Haridwar/Groundwater | NA | NA | BDL-5.39 | 0.19–2086 | 30–9280 | NA | 0.04–129 | 0.03–50.9 | NA | 0.10–102 | NA | BDL-1.31 | NA | NA | BDL-36.8 | 32 |
| 8 | Uttarakhand/Surface water | NA | NA | 0.571–7.171 | NA | NA | NA | 0.734–23.280 | 0.319–1.257 | 0.498–9.632 | 2.511–16.142 | NA | 0.004–0.177 | NA | 5.164–7.820 | 0.008–0.933 | 78 |
| 9 | Uttarakhand/Groundwater | 0.067–27.4 | NA | 0.259–4.5 | 0.001–140 | NA | 0.017–0.91 | 0.41–5.5 | 0.072–9.3 | 5.188–4164 | NA | NA | 0.001–0.9 | NA | NA | 0.003–11.3 | 26 |
BDL- Below detection limit; NA- Not available.