Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by sex and quartiles of HEI-10 scores in the Southern Community Cohort Study.
| Males (N = 28,951) | Females (N = 41,844) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Quartile 1 (low; N = 9133) | Quartile 2 (N = 8073) | Quartile 3 (N = 6789) | Quartile 4 (high; N = 4956) | Quartile 1 (low; N = 8565) | Quartile 2 (N = 9627) | Quartile 3 (N = 10,909) | Quartile 4 (high, N = 12,743) |
| HEI-10 score | ||||||||
| Median | 43.6 | 53.2 | 61.2 | 71.4 | 43.9 | 53.5 | 61.4 | 72.5 |
| Range | 13.7–49.0 | 49.0–57.3 | 57.3–65.9 | 65.9–95.2 | 16.9–49.0 | 49.0–57.3 | 57.3–65.9 | 65.9–96.7 |
| Age at enrollment (years), mean (SD) | 50.0 (7.6) | 50.7 (7.9) | 52.1 (8.3) | 54.7 (9.0) | 49.3 (7.6) | 51.0 (8.3) | 52.3 (8.7) | 55.0 (9.2) |
| Race, N (%) | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 2760 (30.2) | 2059 (25.5) | 1701 (25.1) | 1531 (30.9) | 2911 (34.0) | 2726 (28.3) | 2935 (26.9) | 3621 (28.4) |
| Non-Hispanic African American | 6090 (66.7) | 5709 (70.7) | 4800 (70.7) | 3123 (63.0) | 5342 (62.4) | 6531 (67.8) | 7495 (68.7) | 8456 (66.4) |
| All other | 283 (3.1) | 305 (3.8) | 288 (4.2) | 302 (6.1) | 312 (3.6) | 370 (3.8) | 479 (4.4) | 666 (5.2) |
| Education, N (%) | ||||||||
| <High school | 3183 (35.0) | 2572 (32.0) | 1846 (27.3) | 1041 (21.2) | 2861 (33.5) | 3012 (31.4) | 2975 (27.3) | 2641 (20.8) |
| High school | 3420 (37.6) | 2912 (36.2) | 2226 (32.9) | 1228 (25.0) | 3163 (37.0) | 3260 (33.9) | 3527 (32.4) | 3666 (28.9) |
| Some college or training | 1874 (20.6) | 1778 (22.1) | 1723 (25.5) | 1327 (27.0) | 1960 (22.9) | 2426 (25.3) | 2997 (27.5) | 3879 (30.5) |
| College graduate or more | 629 (6.9) | 776 (9.7) | 962 (14.2) | 1315 (26.8) | 562 (6.6) | 905 (9.4) | 1382 (12.7) | 2512 (19.8) |
| Missing, N | 27 | 35 | 32 | 45 | 19 | 24 | 28 | 45 |
| Income, N (%) | ||||||||
| <$15,000 | 5627 (62.1) | 4623 (57.8) | 3535 (52.7) | 1880 (38.5) | 5338 (63.0) | 5686 (59.8) | 5998 (55.7) | 5924 (47.2) |
| $15,000–$24,999 | 1846 (20.4) | 1718 (21.5) | 1326 (19.8) | 925 (19.0) | 1882 (22.2) | 2101 (22.1) | 2383 (22.1) | 2810 (22.4) |
| $25,000–$49,999 | 1071 (11.8) | 1016 (12.7) | 1012 (15.1) | 906 (18.6) | 872 (10.3) | 1180 (12.4) | 1560 (14.5) | 2227 (17.8) |
| $50,000 or more | 515 (5.7) | 636 (8.0) | 829 (12.4) | 1166 (23.9) | 376 (4.4) | 548 (5.8) | 822 (7.6) | 1578 (12.6) |
| Missing, N | 74 | 80 | 87 | 79 | 97 | 112 | 146 | 204 |
| Currently married, N (%) | 2977 (32.7) | 2774 (34.5) | 2694 (40.0) | 2444 (50.1) | 2755 (32.3) | 3079 (32.1) | 3631 (33.5) | 4353 (34.4) |
| Missing, N | 33 | 44 | 52 | 73 | 31 | 35 | 54 | 80 |
| Health insurance, N (%) | 4479 (49.1) | 4182 (51.8) | 4049 (59.7) | 3438 (69.5) | 4762 (55.7) | 5726 (59.6) | 6844 (62.8) | 8732 (68.6) |
| Missing, N | 11 | 6 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 13 |
| CHC enrollment, N (%) | 8351 (91.4) | 7224 (89.5) | 5736 (84.5) | 3674 (74.1) | 7896 (92.2) | 8773 (91.1) | 9802 (89.9) | 10,916 (85.7) |
| Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), N (%) | ||||||||
| <18.5 | 153 (1.7) | 114 (1.4) | 45 (0.7) | 25 (0.5) | 151 (1.8) | 148 (1.6) | 133 (1.2) | 80 (0.6) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 3280 (36.1) | 2768 (34.5) | 2036 (30.2) | 1212 (24.7) | 1783 (21.1) | 1790 (18.9) | 1860 (17.3) | 2183 (17.4) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 3118 (34.4) | 2792 (34.8) | 2421 (35.9) | 1931 (39.3) | 2072 (24.5) | 2394 (25.3) | 2785 (25.9) | 3375 (26.8) |
| 30 or more | 2524 (27.8) | 2346 (29.3) | 2239 (33.2) | 1747 (35.5) | 4437 (52.6) | 5128 (54.2) | 5982 (55.6) | 6943 (55.2) |
| Missing, N | 58 | 53 | 48 | 41 | 122 | 167 | 149 | 162 |
| Physical activity (MET-hours/day), N (%) | ||||||||
| None | 615 (6.8) | 439 (5.5) | 376 (5.6) | 181 (3.7) | 179 (2.1) | 196 (2.1) | 173 (1.6) | 178 (1.4) |
| Tertile 1 (>0–12.6) | 2915 (32.3) | 2502 (31.4) | 2146 (32.2) | 1582 (32.7) | 2959 (35.0) | 3170 (33.4) | 3574 (33.3) | 4158 (33.2) |
| Tertile 2 (12.7–26.4) | 2047 (22.7) | 1958 (24.6) | 1664 (24.9) | 1477 (30.5) | 2929 (34.6) | 3380 (35.6) | 3965 (36.9) | 4850 (38.7) |
| Tertile 3 ( > 26.4) | 3449 (38.2) | 3061 (38.5) | 2486 (37.3) | 1605 (33.1) | 2387 (28.2) | 2750 (29.0) | 3032 (28.2) | 3342 (26.7) |
| Missing, N | 107 | 113 | 117 | 111 | 111 | 131 | 165 | 215 |
| Total sitting time (hours/day), mean (SD) | 9.2 (5.3) | 9.2 (5.1) | 9.3 (5.1) | 9.2 (4.9) | 9.7 (5.2) | 9.5 (5.1) | 9.4 (5.0) | 8.9 (4.7) |
| Missing, N | 79 | 43 | 39 | 30 | 80 | 92 | 122 | 116 |
| Smoking status, cigarettes per day, N (%) | ||||||||
| Never | 1721 (18.8) | 1630 (20.2) | 1760 (25.9) | 1701 (34.3) | 3184 (37.2) | 3947 (41.0) | 5109 (46.8) | 6808 (53.4) |
| Former, <10 | 332 (3.6) | 357 (4.4) | 427 (6.3) | 470 (9.5) | 405 (4.7) | 577 (6.0) | 793 (7.3) | 1317 (10.3) |
| Former, 10–19 | 360 (3.9) | 411 (5.1) | 424 (6.2) | 454 (9.2) | 280 (3.3) | 452 (4.7) | 555 (5.1) | 835 (6.6) |
| Former, 20+ | 935 (10.2) | 970 (12.0) | 929 (13.7) | 903 (18.2) | 578 (6.7) | 784 (8.1) | 1028 (9.4) | 1248 (9.8) |
| Current, <10 | 1413 (15.5) | 1373 (17.0) | 1171 (17.2) | 591 (11.9) | 1048 (12.2) | 1255 (13.0) | 1315 (12.1) | 1078 (8.5) |
| Current, 10–19 | 1875 (20.5) | 1625 (20.1) | 1159 (17.1) | 429 (8.7) | 1323 (15.4) | 1271 (13.2) | 1133 (10.4) | 844 (6.6) |
| Current, 20+ | 2497 (27.3) | 1707 (21.1) | 919 (13.5) | 408 (8.2) | 1747 (20.4) | 1341 (13.9) | 976 (8.9) | 613 (4.8) |
| Energy intake (Kcal/day), mean (SD) | 3197 (1555) | 3278 (1627) | 3077 (1614) | 2588 (1340) | 2411 (1344) | 2400 (1353) | 2273 (1309) | 1915 (976) |
| Health history, N (%) | ||||||||
| Diabetes | 1166 (12.8) | 1339 (16.6) | 1469 (21.7) | 1338 (27.0) | 1351 (15.8) | 1932 (20.1) | 2683 (24.6) | 3736 (29.3) |
| Missing, N | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Heart attack | 691 (7.6) | 638 (7.9) | 609 (9.0) | 529 (10.7) | 391 (4.6) | 524 (5.4) | 619 (5.7) | 772 (6.1) |
| Missing, N | 9 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 9 |
| Stroke | 532 (5.8) | 461 (5.7) | 419 (6.2) | 318 (6.4) | 471 (5.5) | 593 (6.2) | 731 (6.7) | 892 (7.0) |
| Missing, N | 10 | 9 | 7 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 6 | 9 |
| Hypertension | 4220 (46.2) | 3837 (47.5) | 3562 (52.5) | 2710 (54.7) | 4449 (52.0) | 5538 (57.5) | 6463 (59.3) | 7795 (61.2) |
| Missing, N | 5 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 2112 (23.2) | 2088 (25.9) | 2160 (31.9) | 2024 (40.9) | 2509 (29.4) | 3139 (32.7) | 3924 (36.0) | 5430 (42.7) |
| Missing, N | 36 | 24 | 9 | 13 | 17 | 21 | 23 | 16 |
| COPD | 712 (7.8) | 535 (6.6) | 402 (5.9) | 238 (4.8) | 987 (11.5) | 1094 (11.4) | 1057 (9.7) | 1047 (8.2) |
| Missing, N | 6 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 11 |
| HIV/AIDS | 231 (2.5) | 217 (2.7) | 152 (2.2) | 90 (1.8) | 106 (1.2) | 126 (1.3) | 95 (0.9) | 69 (0.5) |
| Missing, N | 4 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| Postmenopause, N (%) | 5035 (58.8) | 6076 (63.2) | 7382 (67.8) | 9631 (75.7) | ||||
| Missing, N | 9 | 13 | 20 | 18 | ||||
| Hormone therapy, N (%) | 1917 (22.4) | 2347 (24.5) | 3074 (28.3) | 4503 (35.4) | ||||
| Missing, N | 18 | 33 | 31 | 40 | ||||
P values were computed using Chi-square tests for categorical variables and ANOVA F-tests for continuous variables. All P values were <0.0001 except for total sitting time (P = 0.15), stroke (P = 0.32) and HIV/AIDS (P = 0.009) among males and currently married (P = 0.0008) among females.