Table 2.
Associations between HEI-10 score and lung cancer incidence by sex, the Southern Community Cohort Study.
| Overall (N = 70,795) | Male (N = 28,951) | Female (N = 41,844) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases, N | HR (95% CI) | Cases, N | HR (95% CI) | Cases, N | HR (95% CI) | |
| Diet quality | ||||||
| Highest quality diet (Q4) | 257 | 1.0 | 84 | 1.0 | 173 | 1.0 |
| Higher quality diet | 341 | 1.09 (0.93–1.29) | 158 | 1.16 (0.89–1.53) | 183 | 1.07 (0.86–1.32) |
| Lower-quality diet | 390 | 1.06 (0.90–1.25) | 226 | 1.23 (0.95–1.60) | 164 | 0.95 (0.76–1.18) |
| Lowest quality diet (Q1) | 466 | 1.18 (1.00–1.39) | 289 | 1.35 (1.05–1.75) | 177 | 1.06 (0.85–1.33) |
| P trend | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.83 | |||
| P interaction for sexa | 0.55–0.57 | |||||
aRange of interaction P values for the HEI-10 and sex using likelihood ratio tests from overall models with and without the interaction terms across the five imputations.
HEI-10 scores were split into quartiles: lowest quality diet (13.72–49.04), lower-quality diet (49.04–57.32), higher quality diet (57.32–65.91), highest quality diet (reference, 65.91–96.72).
Models were adjusted for sex (male vs female in analyses containing both sexes), race (Black, other races, vs White), enrollment source (GP vs CHC), education (less than high school, high school, some college or training, vs college graduate or higher), income (<$15,000, $15,000–$24,999, $25,000–$49,999, vs $50,000 or more), marital status (married vs not married), health insurance coverage (yes vs no), BMI (<18.5, 25–29.9, 30+ vs 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), smoking status and intensity (current smoker of 20 or more cigarettes per day, current smoker of 10–19 cigarettes per day, current smoker of less than 10 cigarettes per day, former smoker of 20 or more cigarettes per day, former smoker of 10–19 cigarettes per day, former smoker of less than 10 cigarettes per day, vs never smoker), diabetes (yes vs no), history of heart attack (yes vs no), history of stroke (yes vs no), hypertension (yes vs no), hypercholesterolemia (yes vs no), COPD (yes vs no), HIV/AIDS (yes vs no), total physical activity MET-hours per day (none, lowest tertile among those reporting some physical activity, middle tertile, vs highest tertile), total hours spent sitting per day, energy intake (kcal/day), and menopausal status (postmenopausal vs premenopausal) and ever use of hormone replacement therapy (yes vs no) among females.