Table 5.

Cross-sectional partial correlations between HEI-10 score and baseline markers of inflammation, immune response, and insulin resistance among 6090 participants with at least one biomarker measured.

	C-reactive protein (CRP)	Urinary prostaglandin E2 metabolite (PGE-M)	Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)	Interleukin 1β (IL-1β)	Interleukin 6 (IL-6)	Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
All participants
N	5922	296	1272	1272	1272	2129
Spearman correlation	−0.05	0.02	0.01	0.003	−0.03	0.03
P value	<0.0001	0.68	0.63	0.92	0.26	0.22
Males
N	2282	168	699	699	699	348
Spearman correlation	−0.04	0.12	0.04	0.01	−0.03	0.03
P value	0.04	0.12	0.27	0.82	0.46	0.61
Females
N	3640	128	573	573	573	1781
Spearman correlation	−0.05	−0.08	−0.03	−0.005	−0.03	0.03
P value	0.001	0.35	0.48	0.91	0.48	0.20
Current smokers
N	2590	163	662	662	662	832
Spearman correlation	−0.05	0.10	0.01	0.03	−0.02	0.03
P value	0.01	0.21	0.76	0.51	0.62	0.44
Former smokers
N	1388	72	296	296	296	484
Spearman correlation	−0.08	−0.06	−0.03	−0.08	−0.04	−0.02
P value	0.003	0.60	0.57	0.19	0.49	0.69
Never smokers
N	1944	61	314	314	314	813
Spearman correlation	−0.03	−0.11	0.06	0.05	−0.02	0.05
P value	0.13	0.42	0.27	0.35	0.76	0.12
Participants who did not develop lung cancer
N	5328	195	898	898	898	2072
Spearman correlation	−0.05	0.01	0.02	0.003	−0.05	0.02
P value	0.0002	0.87	0.51	0.93	0.15	0.27
Participants who developed lung cancer
N	565	101	367	367	367	49
Spearman correlation	−0.01	0.05	−0.002	0.03	0.03	0.06
P value	0.81	0.61	0.96	0.53	0.63	0.70

P value for partial Spearman’s rank correlations controlling for enrollment age, BMI (kg/m²), sex (in analyses including both sexes), and smoking status (current, former, or never in analyses including all smoking statuses).