Table 3.
The demographic and clinical characteristics of cirrhosis patients with and without HRS–AKI during the six-month follow-up period.
| HRS–AKI | Non-HRS–AKI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 8 (11.4%) | n = 62 (88.6%) | ||
| Age (mean ± SD) | 65.9 (7.6) | 60.8 (12.6) | 0.27 |
| Male, n (%) | 6 (75.0) | 51 (82.3) | 0.64 |
| Etiology of cirrhosis, n (%) | |||
| Hepatitis B | 2 (25) | 40 (64.5) | 0.05 |
| Hepatitis C | 2 (25) | 19 (30.7) | 1 |
| Alcohol | 5 (62.5) | 20 (32.3) | 0.12 |
| Others | 1 (12.5) | 4 (6.5) | 0.47 |
| Laboratory data (mean ± SD) | |||
| White blood cell count (/μL) | 5025 (1887.4) | 4926.9 (1919.8) | 0.95 |
| Platelet count (/μL) | 92,875 (45,460.9) | 109,838.7 (69,415.6) | 0.62 |
| INR | 1.3 (0.1) | 1.3 (0.3) | 0.26 |
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 135.8 (5.5) | 137.1 (3.8) | 0.64 |
| sCr (mg/dL) | 0.97 (0.40) | 1.0 (0.6) | 0.93 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 90.6 (45.8) | 88.7 (31.3) | 0.89 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.2 (0.7) | 3.3 (0.5) | 0.52 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 3.3 (2.1) | 3.1 (6.4) | 0.01 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 5.1 (4.1) | 3.5 (4.8) | 0.06 |
| MELD-Na score | 11.9 (5.8) | 9.9 (8.8) | 0.29 |
| Child Pugh score | 8.4 (1.4) | 7.2 (1.9) | 0.04 |
| FIB-4 index | 10.8 (8.3) | 10.4 (14.7) | 0.55 |
| Zonulin (ng/mL) | 7.9 (0.4) | 4.8 (1.6) | < 0.001 |
| LPS (ng/mL) | 3.7 (0.9) | 2.3 (1.0) | 0.001 |
| LBP (ng/mL) | 94.6 (14.7) | 74.0 (22.0) | 0.01 |
| Clinical events at admission, n (%) | |||
| Ascites | 6 (75) | 24 (38.7) | 0.07 |
| Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | 1 (12.5) | 4 (6.5) | 0.47 |
| Encephalopathy | 1 (12.5) | 4 (6.5) | 0.47 |
| Esophageal varices bleeding | 0 | 6 (9.7) | 1 |
| Sepsis | 3 (37.5) | 6 (9.7) | 0.06 |
| Septic shock | 0 | 3 (4.8) | 1 |
| Acute on chronic liver failure | 2 (25) | 14 (22.6) | 1 |
Chi-squared tests and Fisher’s exact tests were used for categorical variables. T-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests were used for continuous variables.
AKI acute kidney injury, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FIB-4 index Fibrosis-4 index, HRS hepatorenal syndrome, INR international normalized ratio, LBP lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, LPS lipoptolysaccharides, MELD-Na score model for end-stage liver disease score incorporating sodium, sCr serum creatinine, SD standard deviation.