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. 2023 Jul 7;129(4):706–720. doi: 10.1038/s41416-023-02310-1

Table 2.

Univariable and multivariable models for predicting U-TXM (based on log-transformed values). Panel A at registration and panel B at the end of the run-in period.

(A)
Baseline characteristic Univariable models Multivariable modeld
Estimate (95% CI) P value Estimate (95% CI) P value
Tumour type
 Breast Reference –
 Colorectal 0.28 (0.16, 0.40) <0.001 0.35 (0.22, 0.48) <0.001
 Gastro-oesophageal 0.73 (0.54, 0.92) <0.001 0.71 (0.51, 0.92) <0.001
 Prostate −0.01 (−0.13, 0.11) 0.856 0.08 (−0.12, 0.14) 0.904
Gender
 Male Reference –
 Female −0.11 (−0.21, −0.02) 0.023
Age at registration (years)
 <50 years Reference −
 50–59 years 0.03 (−0.12, 0.18) 0.656
 60–69 years 0.02 (−0.13, 0.16) 0.836
 70 years or over 0.15 (−0.01, 0.31) 0.063
BMI
 BMI < 25 Reference –
 BMI 25–29.9 −0.03 (−0.15, 0.09) 0.634
 BMI 30–34.9 −0.11 (−0.25, 0.04) 0.154
 BMI 35 or over 0.14 (−0.04, 0.32) 0.116 0.22 (0.06, 0.39) 0.008
Smoking status
 Never smoked Reference –
 Previous smoker 0.13 (0.03, 0.23) 0.011
 Current smoker 0.46 (0.24, 0.68) <0.001
Diabetic
 Not diabetic Reference –
 Diabetic 0.09 (−0.13, 0.31) 0.414
Receiving BP treatment
 No BP treatment Reference –
 On BP treatment −0.02 (−0.14, 0.09) 0.688
Statin use in last week
 No recent statin use Reference –
 Statins within last week −0.06 (−0.19, 0.08) 0.428
Neutrophils (109/L)
 Neutrophils <5.0 × 109/L Reference –
 Neutrophils ≥5.0 × 109/L 0.31 (0.15, 0.46) <0.001 0.25 (0.09, 0.41) 0.003
Total WCC (109/L)
 Total WCC < 8.0 × 109/L Reference –
 Total WCC ≥ 8.0 × 109/L 0.42 (0.24, 0.60) <0.001
Platelet count (109/L)
 Platelet count <350 × 109/L Reference –
 Platelet count ≥350 × 109/L 0.32 (0.10, 0.54) 0.005 0.26 (0.03, 0.50) 0.027
Raised LDL, total cholesterol or non-HDL
 Normal cholesterol levels Reference –
 Raised LDL, total cholesterol or non-HDLa −0.02 (−0.13, 0.08) 0.647
CRP result (categorised)
 CRP ≤ 5 Reference –
 CRP > 5 0.18 (0.03, 0.33) 0.017 0.16 (0.003, 0.31) 0.046
Higher-risk disease
 Lower-risk disease Reference –
 Higher-risk diseaseb 0.10 (0.00, 0.20) 0.049
Primary treatment details
 Surgery, no adjuvant chemo Reference –
 Surgery and adjuvant chemo 0.21 (0.10, 0.32) <0.001
 Radical RT or CRT −0.05 (−0.20, 0.11) 0.538
Timing of surgery/primary treatment
 6–12 weeks since surgeryc Reference –
 >12 weeks since surgery 0.11 (−0.01, 0.24) 0.074
 Radical RT or CRT −0.09 (−0.26, 0.08) 0.282
(B)
 Baseline characteristic Univariable modelsd Multivariable modeld
Estimate (95% CI) P value Estimate (95% CI) P value
Tumour type
 Breast Reference –
 Colorectal 0.11 (−0.02, 0.24) 0.086
 Gastro-oesophageal 0.11 (−0.10, 0.32) 0.306
 Prostate 0.00 (−0.12, 0.12) 0.975
Gender
 Male Reference –
 Female −0.07 (−0.17, 0.03) 0.150
Age at registration (years)
 <50 years Reference –
 50–59 years 0.03 (−0.12, 0.18) 0.663
 60–69 years −0.01 (−0.15, 0.13) 0.915
 70 years or over 0.13 (−0.03, 0.28) 0.120 0.13 (0.003, 0.27) 0.045
BMI
 BMI < 25 Reference –
 BMI 25–29.9 −0.09 (−0.21, 0.03) 0.162
 BMI 30–34.9 0.03 (−0.11, 0.18) 0.642
 BMI 35 or over 0.05 (−0.13, 0.22) 0.604
Smoking status
 Never smoked Reference –
 Previous smoker 0.12 (0.02, 0.22) 0.024 0.16 (0.05, 0.26) 0.005
 Current smoker 0.22 (−0.01, 0.44) 0.064 0.31 (0.04, 0.57) 0.025
Diabetic
 Not diabetic Reference –
 Diabetic 0.30 (0.08, 0.52) 0.008 0.31 (0.06, 0.56) 0.014
Receiving BP treatment
 No BP treatment Reference –
 On BP treatment 0.08 (−0.03, 0.20) 0.156
Statin use in last week
 No recent statin use Reference –
 Statins within last week 0.11 (−0.03, 0.24) 0.134
Neutrophils (109/L)
 Neutrophils <5.0 × 109/L Reference –
 Neutrophils ≥5.0 × 109/L 0.21 (0.05, 0.37) 0.011 0.23 (0.06, 0.40) 0.008
Total WCC (109/L)
 Total WCC < 8.0 × 109/L Reference –
 Total WCC ≥ 8.0 × 109/L 0.18 (−0.01, 0.37) 0.067
Platelet count (109/L)
 Platelet count <350 × 109/L Reference –
 Platelet count ≥350 × 109/L −0.04 (−0.27, 0.19) 0.748
Raised LDL, total cholesterol or non-HDL
 Normal cholesterol levels Reference –
 Raised LDL, total cholesterol or non-HDLa −0.04 (−0.14, 0.07) 0.457
CRP result (categorised)
 CRP ≤ 5 Reference –
 CRP > 5 0.22 (0.06, 0.37) 0.006
Higher-risk disease
 Lower-risk disease Reference –
 Higher-risk diseaseb −0.09 (−0.19, 0.01) 0.083
Primary treatment details
 Surgery, no adjuvant chemo Reference –
 Surgery and adjuvant chemo 0.02 (−0.09, 0.13) 0.664
 Radical RT or CRT 0.04 (−0.11, 0.20) 0.577
Timing of surgery/primary treatment
 6–12 weeks since surgeryc Reference –
 >12 weeks since surgery 0.06 (−0.07, 0.18) 0.380
 Radical RT or CRT 0.07 (−0.10, 0.24) 0.418

Univariable and multivariable models for predicting U-TXM (based on log-transformed values of U-TXM) at baseline (trial registration) (Panel A) and at the end run-in period (Panel B). 

aLDL > 3, total cholesterol >5 or non-HDL > 4; note that participants with at least one of LDL, HDL and total cholesterol measured and in the normal range (and no raised measurements) are included in the normal group even if other measurements are missing.

bBreast Stage III; colorectal Stage III or IV; gastro-oesophageal Stage IIB or III; prostate high risk according to D’Amico classification.

cTiming of surgery was not considered in the multivariate model due to being confounded with the primary treatment variable and since it was non-significant in the univariate model.

dThe final multivariable model at registration is based on n = 552 observations (some observations are not included due to missing covariate information—see earlier table); R2 = 16.8%. At the end of the run-in period the final multivariable model is based on n = 402 observations R2 = 32.3%. All models are adjusted for (log-transformed) baseline U-TXM.