Figure 2.

Photos, schematics, and images of a piezoelectric immunosensor developed for detecting a pMN-associated autoantibody biomarker, i.e., anti-phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibody (anti-PLA2R autoantibody). (a). Instrument photo and cross-sectional schematic view of an in-house-developed QCM device with a custom-designed microfluidic channel. (b). Photo of a QCM sensing chip coated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). (c). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the rGO coating on the QCM chip. (Reproduced from [44]).