Table 2.
Elaboration of Total Costs, Direct Medical Costs, Direct Non-Medical Costs, and Indirect of MDD, TRD, and Non-TRD (N = 500)
| Variables | Without insurance application | With insurance application | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
All MDD patients (N = 500) |
TRD (n = 98) |
Non-TRD (n = 402) |
p | d |
All MDD patients (N = 500) |
TRD (n = 98) |
Non-TRD (n = 402) |
p | d | |
| 1. Total costs (Baht) (1.1 + 1.2 + 1.3) |
193,591.33 (10,623.67) |
276,059.97 (277,548.88) |
173,487.04 (222,530.15) |
< 0.001* | 0.438 |
183,478.33 (10,579.53) |
256,867.58 (283,391.76) |
165,587.42 (220,399.87) |
0.003* | 0.390 |
| $5,377.54 | $7,668.33 | $4,819.08 | $5,096.62 | $7,135.21 | $4,599.65 | |||||
| Median (IQR) (Baht) |
111,537.66 (185,638.99) |
189,737.09 (316,822.60) |
107,163.65 (169,129.95) |
106,221.31 (182,485.04) |
143,174.04 (338,343.84) |
101,632.99 (169,367.66) |
||||
| Min (Baht) | 1,823.81 | 13,098.98 | 1,823.81 | 76.19 | 3454.80 | 76.19 | ||||
| Max (Baht) | 2,203,833.75 | 1,475,939.14 | 2,203,833.75 | 2,168,752.69 | 1,475,939.14 | 2,168,752.69 | ||||
| 1.1 Total direct medical cost (Baht) |
18,509.03 (1,057.67) |
33,421.56 (30,562.65) |
14,873.63 (20,062.03) |
< 0.001* | 0.825 |
8,396.03 (734.25) |
14,229.17 (25,008.58) |
6,974.02 (13,183.57) |
0.006* | 0.448 |
| $514.14 | $928.38 | $413.16 | $233.22 | $395.25 | $193.72 | |||||
| Median (IQR) (Baht) |
9,085.72 (22,418.33) |
22,261.05 (32,288.72) |
6,227.33 (19,526.73) |
2,155.05 (8,636.89) |
0.00 (17,333.95) |
2,169.48 (6,638.30) |
||||
| Min (Baht) | 792.86 | 2,826.05 | 792.86 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Max (Baht) | 183,409.01 | 152,667.54 | 183,409.01 | 118,262.83 | 118,262.83 | 107,571.54 | ||||
| a. Outpatient visits (Baht) |
787.44 (22.41) |
1,222.70 (798.42) |
681.33 (317.27) |
< 0.001* | 1.195 |
448.19 (23.10) |
612.89 (819.69) |
408.04 (412.24) |
0.018* | 0.396 |
| $21.87 | $33.96 | $18.93 | $12.45 | $17.02 | $11.33 | |||||
| b. Inpatient visits (Baht) |
895.09 (248.85) |
3,379.99 (11,127.82) |
289.32 (2,588.69) |
0.007* | 0.569 |
360.01 (134.86) |
1090.58 (5,075.49) |
181.91 (2,218.59) |
0.086 | 0.303 |
| $24.86 | $93.89 | $8.04 | $10.00 | $30.29 | $5.05 | |||||
| c. Emergency visits (Baht) |
29.66 (8.65) |
107.40 (401.90) |
10.70 (75.20) |
0.020* | 0.510 |
362.03 (134.65) |
179.84 (942.94) |
406.44 (3324.96) |
0.505 | -0.075 |
| $0.82 | $2.98 | $0.30 | $10.06 | $5.00 | $11.29 | |||||
| d. Medications (Baht) |
16,482.86 (932.67) |
27,886.74 (23,386.71) |
13,702.80 (19,219.66) |
< 0.001* | 0.706 |
7,528.53 (673.91) |
12,297.20 (21,451.38) |
6,366.01 (12,819.85) |
0.010* | 0.398 |
| $457.86 | $774.63 | $380.63 | $209.13 | $341.59 | $176.83 | |||||
| e. Laboratory tests (Baht) |
313.99 (36.90) |
824.72 (1,405.87) |
189.48 (538.37) |
< 0.001* | 0.808 |
155.36 (26.97) |
378.25 (1,042.00) |
101.03 (418.22) |
0.011* | 0.467 |
| $8.72 | $22.91 | $5.26 | $4.32 | $10.51 | $2.81 | |||||
| f. Psychotherapy and occupational therapy (Baht) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
- | - |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
- | - |
| $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | |||||
| 1.2 Total direct non-medical cost (Baht) |
2,731.93 (597.77) |
4,971.17 (21,386.83) |
2,186.91 (10,495.91) |
0.213 | 0.209 | |||||
| $75.89 | $138.09 | $60.75 | ||||||||
| Median (IQR) (Baht) |
645.77 (932.95) |
1040.67 (2,299.65) |
588.58 (764.71) |
|||||||
| Min (Baht) | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Max (Baht) | 181,297 | 181,297.27 | 126,276.43 | |||||||
| a. Transportation to hospital (Baht) |
1,565.53 (270.40) |
2,938.52 (11,487.64) |
1,230.82 (3,605.08) |
0.149 | 0.284 | |||||
| $43.49 | $81.63 | $34.19 | ||||||||
| b. Paid caregiver services (Baht) |
1,164.40 (535.07) |
2,032.65 (18,213.91) |
955.22 (9,882.25) |
0.425 | 0.090 | |||||
| $32.34 | $56.46 | $26.53 | ||||||||
| 1.3 Total indirect cost (Baht) |
172,350.38 (10,339.25) |
236,667.24 (269,675.91) |
156,427.36 (218,229.10) |
0.006* | 0.355 | |||||
| $4,787.51 | $6,574.09 | $4,345.20 | ||||||||
| Median (IQR) (Baht) |
95,902.56 (184,178.09) |
132,969.84 (299,724.64) |
89,476.40 (173,237.90) |
|||||||
| Min (Baht) | 0.00 | 2,111.20 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Max (Baht) | 2,168,444.80 | 1,454,778.40 | 2,168,444.80 | |||||||
| a. Productivity loss of patient (Baht) |
78,954.14 (7,099.56) |
112,609.81 (221,176.19) |
70,749.52 (138,504.13) |
0.076 | 0.265 | |||||
| $2,193.17 | $3,128.05 | $1,965.26 | ||||||||
| b. Productivity loss of an unpaid caregiver due to the MDD symptom of patient (Baht) |
61,044.21 (7481.22) |
89,845.63 (168,131.04) |
54,022.97 (166,533.40) |
0.060 | 0.215 | |||||
| $1,695.67 | $2,495.71 | $1,500.64 | ||||||||
| c. Unpaid caregiving time cost that was spent helping patients in daily living (Baht) |
32,352.03 (1,146.89) |
35,211.80 (26,138.83) |
31,654.87 (25,507.93) |
0.219 | 0.139 | |||||
| $898.67 | $978.11 | $879.30 | ||||||||
The result of the Student’s T-test was presented in the table. Cohen’s d (mentioned as “d” in the table) presented the effect size of the result. Standard deviation is shown in parentheses and * indicated the statistical significance at 0.05