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. 2023 Aug 11;30:66. doi: 10.1186/s12929-023-00961-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Osmotin regulates MPTP/α-synuclein-induced apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. a Immunoblot results of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, and cytochrome c levels in the SNpc of MPTP-induced mice (n = 6, biologically independent animals). b Immunoblot results of Bcl-2, Bax, PARP-1, cytochrome c, and NeuN in the striatum and SNpc of NSE-hαSyn Tg mice (n = 6, biologically independent animals). c, d Representative photomicrograph of coronal mesencephalon and striatal sections from MPTP-induced mice containing Nissl-positive neurons (n = 6, biologically independent animals). Magnification: 200×, 100×, 50×. Scale bar represents 80 μm, 40 μm, 20 μm. e Representative photomicrograph of coronal mesencephalon sections from NSE-hαSyn Tg mice containing Nissl-positive neurons (n = 6, biologically independent animals). Magnification: 200X, 100X, 50X. Scale bar represents 80 μm, 40 μm, 20 μm. f Flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V-PE apoptosis detection assays in α-synuclein (A53T)-transfected SH-SY5Y cells. The data are presented as the mean ± SD and are representative of three independent experiments performed in triplicate. Significance was determined by using one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction; ^#Comparison between control and MPTP/NSE-hαSyn Tg mice, *Comparison between MPTP/NSE-hαSyn Tg mice and osmotin-administered mice. ^#/*p < 0.05, ^##/**p < 0.01, and ^###/***p < 0.001