Fig. 7a.

Effective connectivity of human auditory cortical regions shown schematically. The widths of the lines and the size of the arrowheads indicate the magnitude and direction of the effective connectivity. The red arrows show the main auditory HCP-MMP division connectivity (regions 52 to TA2), and the green arrows further connectivity (involving STS regions). A simplified schematic organization is that region A1 > LBelt, MBelt and 52 > PBelt > A4 > A5 > STGa, STSda, STSdp > TPOJ1, STV, PGi (Here > indicates has effective connectivity to, though some connectivity may cross levels of the hierarchy.) somatosensory cortical regions have connectivity with A1, RI, TA2, etc. MT has connectivity to A5. TPOJ1, STV, PSL, STSdp and STSda are involved in language as analyzed elsewhere (Rolls et al. 2022e). Connections between early cortical auditory regions and area 44 in what may be a dorsal language related auditory stream are described in the text. Lbelt, Pbelt, A4 and A5 have effective connectivity with MT/MST regions as indicated, and this may be part of a dorsal “where” stream leading to intraparietal and area 7 regions (see text).