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. 2023 Mar 17;4(2):124–139. doi: 10.1007/s42994-023-00101-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Epigenetic regulation-based plant disease resistance strategy. Spraying a chemical reagent, BABA, onto pants can induce high expression of defensive genes (such as FRK1, NHL10) through facilitating the deposition of H3K4me3 and H3K36me3. In addition to affecting the expression of immune-related genes, BABA can also induce SAR to enhance plant resistance during a pathogen infection. dCAS9 could be used as a tool for activating or repressing the histone modifiers and further fine-tune plant immune response, via modulating expression of downstream defensive genes. Zinc-finger-fused epigenetic regulators can also be utilized for promoting the establishment of DNA hyper-methylation, through the RdDM pathway, in the promoter regions to repress expression of the susceptibility genes and improve the tolerance to pathogen infection in future. ZFP, zinc finger protein