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. 2023 Aug 12;13:13128. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40334-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Alteration effects of karstification and hydrothermalism in south China, offshore Spain and western Canada. These photos are respectively cited from Zheng⁶⁷, Koeshidayatullah⁶⁸ and Rodríguez-Morillas⁶⁹. (a) Micritic dolomite (D1) with residual particles mimics replacement and later filled with quartz cements. southwestern Sichuan Basin, south China⁶⁷. (b) Euhedral to subhedral fine-grained dolomite (D1) and medium-coarse dolomite (D2) with curved crystals. southwestern Sichuan Basin, south China⁶⁷. (c) Vug porosity partially filled by fine-coarse dolomite (Cd1) and calcite cement (CC). Valencia Trough, offshore Spain, western Mediterranean Sea⁶⁹. (d)Calcitization of saddle dolomite (Cd2). Valencia Trough, offshore Spain, western Mediterranean Sea⁶⁹. (e) Partially replaced of micritic limestones (L1) by euhedral-subhedral dolomites (D1) in the halo zones, intercrystal porosity (BC) developed and porosity was 11%. western Canada⁶⁸. (f) A typical saddle dolomite (Cd2) in core with typical of euhedral fabric and coarser crystal size, porosity was less than 1%. western Canada⁶⁸. (g) Termination of dolomite bodies (brown) into the limestone (grey), showing a scalloped-shaped front. western Canada⁶⁸.