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. 2023 Aug 9;16:5197–5207. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S417431

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© 2023 Chen et al.

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Four independent risk factors were identified, including Modic change, sebum thickness, Hb, glucose, and a dynamic model was constructed. Categorical variables were visually represented using block plots, while the distribution of continuous variables was depicted through violin plots. Larger plots accommodated more variables for comprehensive visualization. The red marker on the graph indicates that the probability of postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) was found to be 85.4% when all four independent risk factors were at their respective values.