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. 2023 Jul 31;11:1182263. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1182263

Table 4.

Odds of intimate partner violence and 95% confidence intervals (fully-adjusted).

Characteristics Physical IPV Non-physical coercion Sexual IPV
Age (years)
18–24 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
25–34 1.95 (0.84, 4.66) 1.23 (0.60, 2.54) 2.22 (1.06, 4.77)*
35–50 0.98 (0.42, 2.38) 0.91 (0.46, 1.86) 0.82 (0.38, 1.76)
Sexual orientation
Gay (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
Bisexual 0.97 (0.53, 1.77) 0.83 (0.50, 1.38) 1.51 (0.89, 2.56)
Ethnicity
Non-hispanic (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
Hispanic 1.12 (0.51, 2.34) 0.92 (0.46, 1.77) 1.79 (0.91, 3.46)
Race
White (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
Black/African American 0.95 (0.41, 2.09) 0.83 (0.41, 1.62) 1.35 (0.66, 2.69)
Asian/Pacific Islander 0.53 (0.15, 1.54) 0.50 (0.17, 1.26) 1.91 (0.79, 4.46)
Other/American Indian 0.66 (0.19, 2.00) 0.35 (0.10, 1.02) 0.30 (0.09, 0.87)*
Relationship status
Single/dating (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
Living with a partner 1.64 (0.63, 3.93) 0.83 (0.36, 1.80) 1.06 (0.43, 2.41)
Married/engaged 2.14 (1.04, 4.38)* 1.65 (0.89, 3.03) 2.44 (1.29, 4.60)**
Divorced/widowed/separated/other 4.03 (1.04, 13.94)* 2.13 (0.65, 6.28) 2.09 (0.52, 7.27)
Work status
Full time 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
Part time 0.19 (0.03, 0.74)* 0.94 (0.38, 2.14) 1.46 (0.62, 3.26)
Student 0.77 (0.24, 2.17) 0.74 (0.27, 1.85) 1.00 (0.39, 2.45)
Unemployed 0.76 (0.32, 1.72) 1.56 (0.79, 3.01) 0.37 (0.14, 0.85)*
Other 0.09 (0.00, 0.70) 0.28 (0.03, 1.27) 0.05 (0.00, 0.39)*
Perceived discrimination score 1.18 (1.13, 1.24)*** 1.15 (1.11, 1.19)*** 1.16 (1.12, 1.20)***

*p-value < 0.05; **p-value < 0.01; ***p-value < 0.001.

Models adjusted for age, sexual orientation, ethnicity, race, relationship status, work status, and perceived discrimination.