Table III.
Kinematics during comfortable walking
| Visit | M–2 | M3 | M6 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Condition | OFF Mean±SD | OFF Mean±SD | ON Mean±SD | OFF Mean±SD | ON Mean±SD | |
| Speed (m/s) | AFO | 0.58±0.28 | 0.62±0.30 | 0.66±0.30 | 0.62±0.27 | 0.71±0.30 |
| SIS-FES | 0.76±0.29 | 0.68±0.34 | 0.76±0.37 | 0.79±0.25 | 0.83±0.29 | |
| Cadence (step/s) | AFO | 1.28±0.27 | 1.30±0.30 | 1.36±0.29 | 1.32±0.31 | 1.40±0.30 |
| SIS-FES | 1.40±0.28 | 1.29±0.49 | 1.35±0.50 | 1.44±0.23 | 1.47±0.26 | |
| Paretic step length (m) | AFO | 0.48±0.13 | 0.49±0.13 | 0.50±0.12 | 0.48±0.12 | 0.52±0.13 |
| SIS-FES | 0.55±0.14 | 0.50±0.20 | 0.53±0.21 | 0.57±0.11 | 0.59±0.14 | |
| Non paretic step length (m) | AFO | 0.40±0.17 | 0.41±0.17 | 0.43±0.18 | 0.42±0.16 | 0.45±0.19 |
| SIS-FES | 0.51±0.12 | 0.45±0.18 | 0.49±0.20 | 0.52±0.13 | 0.54±0.12 | |
| Ankle | ||||||
| Maximal dorsiflexion (°) | AFO | –6±8 | –7±8 | –1±6 | –9±6 | –3±5 |
| SIS-FES | –6±6 | –5±4 | 1±8 | –7±7 | 2±7 | |
| Maximal varus (°) | AFO | 15±9 | 19±12 | 13±8 | 16±6 | 12±7 |
| SIS-FES | 9±7 | 13±8 | 9±8 | 9±6 | 6±9 | |
| Mean dorsiflexion speed (°/s) | AFO | 11±9 | 13±9 | 5±6 | 10±9 | 4±3 |
| SIS-FES | 13±12 | 14±9 | 14±11 | 13±9 | 13±7 | |
| Knee | ||||||
| Maximal flexion (°) | AFO | 36±17 | 39±17 | 38±18 | 38±18 | 38±17 |
| SIS-FES | 39±12 | 41±11 | 38±12 | 42±11 | 39±11 | |
| Mean flexion speed (°/s) | AFO | 72±48 | 68±35 | 74±37 | 80±50 | 80±44 |
| SIS-FES | 74±25 | 86±29 | 92±36 | 84±30 | 87±35 | |
| Hip | ||||||
| Maximal flexion (°) | AFO | 31±10 | 33±12 | 31±14 | 30±11 | 30±12 |
| SIS-FES | 36±10 | 35±8 | 34±9 | 37±7 | 36±8 | |
| Mean flexion speed (°/s) | AFO | 44±41 | 45±30 | 41±27 | 42±33 | 57±37 |
| SIS-FES | 50±21 | 59±25 | 52±24 | 48±22 | 45±23 | |
AFO: ankle foot orthosis; SIS-FES: semi-implanted selective functional electrical stimulation; M–2: 2 months before day 1; M3: 3 months after day 1; M6: 6 months after day 1; SD: standard deviation.