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. 2023 Aug 14;22:56. doi: 10.1186/s12940-023-01006-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Superimposed forest plots of the meta-analyses performed with the inverse variance method considering separately both sexes, boys, and girls. The beta estimates represent the association between the increase of 1 z-score (of BMI or WC) per 1 ng/mL increase in the PFAS. For risk of overweight, the estimates represent transformed standardized mean differences (see section " 2.3.3 Data conversion of the effect estimates"). The squares are proportional to the weight assigned to each study in the random effects models, while horizontal lines represent the 95% confidence intervals reported. The diamonds at the bottom represent the pooled estimated of the random effects models (with the 95% confidence interval). The I² is also reported as a measure of heterogeneity

Fig. 2 — Superimposed forest plots of the meta-analyses performed with the inverse variance method considering separately both sexes, boys, and girls. The beta estimates represent the association between the increase of 1 z-score (of BMI or WC) per 1 ng/mL increase in the PFAS. For risk of overweight, the estimates represent transformed standardized mean differences (see section " 2.3.3 Data conversion of the effect estimates"). The squares are proportional to the weight assigned to each study in the random effects models, while horizontal lines represent the 95% confidence intervals reported. The diamonds at the bottom represent the pooled estimated of the random effects models (with the 95% confidence interval). The I² is also reported as a measure of heterogeneity